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First Political Parties

First Political Parties. Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans. Washington’s Cabinet. Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson Secretary of War- Henry Knox Attorney General- Edmund Randolph Postmaster General- Samuel Osgood Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton.

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First Political Parties

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  1. First Political Parties Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans

  2. Washington’s Cabinet • Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of War- Henry Knox • Attorney General- Edmund Randolph • Postmaster General- Samuel Osgood • Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton

  3. “National Debt is a National Blessing” Hamilton’s Financial Program (FABET) • Funding at Par • Assumption of State Debts • A National Bank (1st BUS) • Excise Taxes • Tariff

  4. First Bank of the United States • 20 Year Charter • 1/5 Stock Owned by Congress • 4/5’s Private • Monopoly on ALL Gov’t Transactions

  5. Opposition • Speaker of the House • Original Bondholders Should be Paid • States that had paid Debts Should not Pay that of States Who Had NOT • Let’s Make A Deal Over Dinner • No Bank-Unconstitutional • 1st Use of “Necessary and Proper” Clause

  6. Hamiltonians (Federalist Party) • Rich • Wise • Well-to Do • Well-Born • Strong Central Government • Favor Mercantile & Financial Interests • North & East

  7. Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republican Party) • Yeoman Farmers • State’s Rights • Free Press • Democracy • South & West

  8. Constitutional Issues • Broad versus Strict Interpretation • National versus State Authority • Whiskey Rebellion, 1793-94 “Just the DAY for a Whisky Rebellion,” said Aunt Polly and off she ran, lipperty-lipperty-lip, to get a few shooting rifles. “Oh goody goody,” cried little Emily. “Now we can all shoot at those horrid Revenue Officers,” for the collectors of internal revenue were far from popular with these kindly Pennsylvania folk and Aunt Polly Pinkwood had often promised the children that if they were good some day they would be allowed to take a shot at a Revenue Officer

  9. Jefferson on the Whiskey Rebellion • “I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing” • “Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." • "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure.”

  10. Foreign Issues Enter • French Revolution • Franco-American Alliance • Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality • Citizen Genet’s Mission to U.S. • Jay’s Treaty • Pinckney’s Treaty

  11. “Citizen” Edmund Charles Genet

  12. Jay’s Treaty, 1794 • No War • Fishing Rts. • Trade • NW Garrisons • Impressment? • ??????????

  13. Navigation Right of Deposit SW Border Settled Trade Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795

  14. Washington’s FarewellAddress1796 • No Third Term (Farewell) • No Permanent Military Alliances • Keep the Public Credit Sound • Avoid Political Parties, esp. geographical ones

  15. Legacy? "There is an elegant memorial in Washington to Jefferson, but none to Hamilton.  However, if you seek Hamilton's monument, look around.  You are living in it.  We honor Jefferson, but live in Hamilton's country, a mighty industrial nation with a strong central government.“ George Will, 1992

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