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ENFA European Non-Food Agriculture – WP 32 Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balances

ENFA European Non-Food Agriculture – WP 32 Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balances. Hannes Schwaiger, Gerfried Jungmeier Kick-Off Meeting 10 th May 2005 Geomatikum, Hamburg, Germany. Overview. Next steps. Examples. Modelling.

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ENFA European Non-Food Agriculture – WP 32 Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balances

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  1. ENFAEuropean Non-Food Agriculture – WP 32 Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balances Hannes Schwaiger, Gerfried Jungmeier Kick-Off Meeting 10th May 2005 Geomatikum, Hamburg, Germany

  2. Overview Next steps Examples Modelling Methodology: LCA energy, GHG emissions WP Objectives

  3. WP 32 Objectives • To identify 3 bio-chains for which LCA models are created e.g. pellets, biodiesel, wood chips form SR systems • Produce a computer model for the selected chains • Conversion of the model into a web-based file (asp files) • Post the model on the internet as an user friendly interface

  4. What is LCA? forestry construction harvesting transport operation fuel preparation dismantling heat, electricity combustion

  5. Typical LCA-Emissions of Biomass Plant over Entire Lifetime construction (0 - 1) operation (1 – 21) dismantling (21-22) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 14.000 90 12.000 75 CO2-eq. 10.000 CO2 60 CO2, CO2-eq. [t] 8.000 CH4, N2O [t] 45 6.000 CH4 30 4.000 15 2.000 N2O 0 0 Year

  6. LCA-Methodology Heat and/or electricty • According to • ISO 14 040 „Life Cycle Assessment“ • Standard Methodology of • IEA Bioenergy Task 38 • „Greenhouse Gas • Balances of Biomass and • Bioenergy systems“ • Recommendations of COST • Action E9 „Life Cycle Assess- • ment of Forestry and Forest • Products“

  7. LCA-Methodology Transportation • According to • ISO 14 040 „Life Cycle Assessment“ • Standard Methodology of • IEA Bioenergy Task 38 • „Greenhouse Gas • Balances of Biomass and • Bioenergy systems“ • Recommendations of COST • Action E9 „Life Cycle Assess- • ment of Forestry and Forest • Products“

  8. Possible Reference Options are important in LCA What happens on arable land, if no energy crops are produced? - afforestation / reforestation - fallow - pasture - extensive agricultural use - intensive agricultural use What happens with the biomass, if no bioenergy is produced? - no thinning - heterotrophic respiration - composting - landfill - material use

  9. Emissions to Airfor Environmental Effects • Greenhouse effect: GHGs in CO2-equivalents (CO2, CH4, N2O, CF4) Equivalent factors: CO2 1 CH4 23 N2O 296 • Primary energy demand:Energy input to generate 1KWh electricity, heat or km

  10. Possible Bioenergy Systems in ENFA Bioenergy systems electricity per 1 kWhelectricity heat per 1 kWhheat cogeneration electricity&heat per 1 kWhelectricity & heat transportation per 1 km

  11. Details of ConsideredPossible Bioenergy Systems Industry industrial residues Forestry forest residues fuelwood Agriculture short rotation forestry RCG, miscanthus Biomass- Resource Biomass- Processing chipping, drying, storage, transportation gasification Biomass- Fuels Solid biofuels, liquid biofuels Biomass- Combustion heating plant vehicles CHP/power plant Heat Transportation Electricity (& Heat)

  12. Modelling of Bioenergy Systems Production and harvesting Transport Combustion Distribution g CO2-eq./(ha*a) g CO2-eq./km g CO2-eq./kWhoutput g CO2-eq./kWhoutput

  13. Modelling of Substituted Fossil Energy Systems Transport Processing Combustion Distribution Extraction Transport g CO2-eq./kWhoutput g CO2-eq./kWhoutput

  14. Data Requirements - Example Combination of default data and case specific data Kind of crop Annual yield [t/ha*a] Water content of crop [%] Kind and amount of plant protective agent [kg/(ha*a)] Kind and amount of fertilizer [kg/(ha*a)] Irrgiation [kWhel/(ha*a)] Kind and usage of machine [lfuel/(ha*a)] Kind and amount of by-products [kg/(ha*a)]

  15. Example 1: LCA Electricity supply 1 kWh electricity Wood chips power plant Natural gas power plant Reference use of forest residues Production Extraction Harvesting Heterotrophic respiration Transport Transport Drying and storage Power plant Power plant Distribution Distribution

  16. LCA Results: Electricity Supply

  17. Example 2: Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel Biodiesel Reference System Diesel Area Rape seed production Raw oil extraction Set aside Transport Fertilizer prod. Transport Fertilizer Rape cake Soya-Production Pressing Refinery Animal feed Glycerin-Production Esterification Rawmaterial Glycerin Distribution Heat from oil Distribution Energy Vehicle Vehicle Transportation Service

  18. LCA Results: Diesel and Biodiesel

  19. Example 3: Co-GenerationLCA Electricity and Heat Light oil combustion engine Reference use of manure Extraction Transport Storage Digested manure Refinery Fertilizer Transport Combustion engine Undigested manure Distribution Biogas combustion engine Collection Transport Digestion Combustion engine Distribution 0.33 kWh electricity + 0.67kWh heat

  20. LCA Results: Electricity and Heat Supply

  21. Next steps Identification of interfaces [JR/ENFA Team] Data modelling, Integration into ENFA model [JR/ENFA Team] Identification of bioenergy /fossil fuel process steps [ENFA Team] Decission on the most important biomass chains [ENFA Team]

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