Mesoclimate of the LBA-ECO Santarem Study Area David Fitzjarrald Ricardo Sakai Osvaldo Moraes

1. Mesoclimate of the LBA-ECO Santarem Study Area David Fitzjarrald Ricardo Sakai Osvaldo Moraes Matt Czikowsky Otavio Acevedo Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior CD-03 University at Albany, SUNY Universidade Federal de Santa Maria EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental

2. LBA-ECO weather station network • Resurrected at the behest of the • LBA Science Team (Miami meeting). • Motivation: • Determine regional biases/seasonal differences • (develop a methodology to determine context in • which flux observations are made.) • * Study the physical basis for the river breeze • identify mesoclimatic variabilities: • Cloudiness (incident solar radiation) • *Temperature/Humidity • * Precipitation • *gasp) support model studies… • *Accommodate the few remaining literalists who • use real (vs. reanalysis) data

3. LBA-ECO STM site special features… • Large seasonal variation • High correlation precipitation/ENSO signal • World class amplitude semidiurnal atm P tide • Strong influence river breeze/easterly interaction

4. Recent years in the LBA-ECO STM region: CIRSAN Pbel Pbel - Pstm Tstm Ustm S O index Precipitacao

5. Intraannual variability small but important… Cp T RH smaller qsat L q

6. This presentation from now on: Focus on diurnal variability ( & seasonal) Other (continuing) work Identify inland penetration of River breeze; frequency of occurrence; Gauge seasonal/interannual varibility; Minimize biases in standard climate data. Identify local wind circulations (e.g., Acevedo et al. presentation yesterday.)

7. Cloudiness delineates the river…. Silva Dias et al., 2003

8. Moore et al. 2001

9. Estacoes automaticas: (Campbell Sci.) Medidas: T, RH, K incidente, PAR incidente, T solo, Umidade solo, Pressao superficie, U, direccao, Precipitacao, GPS (relogio). 2 USFS (Keller), upgraded [julho 1998, Belterra, km117] 3 LBA-ECO [julho 2000, Jamaraqua, Mojui, Guarana] 3 EMBRAPA,upgraded [set 2002, Franca, CG, C-U]

10. Available hourly data, flux tower km67

11. Available date km83 flux tower Wind rose

12. Hourly data, LBA-ECO weather stations… River River

13. Km 77 flux tower…..

14. wind rose

15. km67

16. km67

17. Local sites always make a difference in wind observations. Fujita Transmission Factors, LBA-ECO WX stations.

19. Jamaraqua Tapajos site km117 pasture site

21. River sites Incident global short-wave radiation

22. Vila Franca

23. Specific humidity, double peaks show CBL birth/death

24. Std deviation of wind direction—separating the convective portion of the day…. Jamaraqua Franca Cacoal Grande

25. 2 C River stations

26. Maximum wind events…. k 2001 350 1300 7.28 j 2003 84 1330 7.74 m 2001 204 0220 7.11 g 2002 19 1200 6.81 c 2001 54 1700 6.44 s 2003 37 2000 3.94 f 2002 68 1000 4.22 e 2002 208 0430 9.91 River

27. Sodar, Santarem airport……. NCL NCLriver Observer report.. From Silva Dias et al., 2003

28. NO clouds at night, dry season…. …and also look at interannual differences in the Onset of the wet season.

29. From before……

30. Radiative consequences of cloud cover…

31. River stations Standard deviation of global solar radiation….

32. qsat

33. (See CD-03: Czikowsky et al. poster for details on the ceilometer observations at km67)

35. The “natural clock” of the tropics….

36. River breeze mesoscale pressure gradient can extract from station data; looks like model simulation results—(Silva Dias et al., 2003)

37. River-inland differences: 2 C temperature bias 20% cloud reduction in Kdn Still searching for the precipitation signal River breeze expressed actively for slack easterly cases. Cloud base determined by thermodynamics in cleared areas. Nocturnal winds appreciable only along river (a counter-current nocturnal river of air) River convective day and night.

38. Balao cativo –estudos no futuro……