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Poverty Alleviation in the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Problems and Initiatives in the Philippines. Presented by: OIC-Director Cleofe S. Pastrana National Economic and Development Authority 13 October 2005, Hotel Dominique, Tagaytay City. REPORT OUTLINE. Background on the MDGs
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Poverty Alleviation in the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Problems and Initiatives in the Philippines Presented by: OIC-Director Cleofe S. Pastrana National Economic and Development Authority 13 October 2005, Hotel Dominique, Tagaytay City
REPORT OUTLINE • Background on the MDGs • Highlights of the Second Philippines Progress Report on the MDGs • A. Poverty Situation • B. Meeting Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger • C. Environmental Situation/Challenges and Priorities for Action • III. Crosscutting Challenges and Priorities for Action • A. Hindering Factors • B. Facilitating Factors • C. Parallel Initiatives • D. Implications on the Philippine Economy
Millennium Declaration • In September 2000, 189 member states of the United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration • The Millennium Declaration confirmed the commitment of member states of the United Nations to peace and security, respect for human rights, good governance and human development • The Millennium Declaration also committed the member states of the United Nations to achieve quantifiable development goals and targets (the MDGs) until 2015 (15 years) that will at least ensure that development initiatives are effectively eradicating poverty and promoting sustainable human development
The MDGs are Owned by All • MDGs are not just the national governments’ commitment to UN or the world; most important: they are their commitments to their own people • The MDGs are our own development challenges for some decades, now gaining a new opportunity from global and national momentum of solidarity • The Goals are global in their scope, but targets and indicators can be tailor-made to shorter time scales, higher targets & local circumstances. • The MDGs are national commitments, but their achievements (or failures) are at the local level • MDGs ownership by local governments, by the business/private sector such as NGOs/Pos/civil society plays a vital role and can make a huge difference in the national and global achievements of MDGs
1990 to 2000 2001 to 2005
Enabling Environment for the MDGs DILG MC 2004-152 “Guide to LGUs in the Localization of the MDGs” SDC Res. No. 1 2003 “Expanding functions and composition of MC-IHDC” MTPDP 2004-2010 hews closely to the MDGs MDG Investment identification per goal and target in MTPIP 2005-2010 Strong commitment of the business sector and civil society Legislative support of Congress Strong support of donor community for the MDGs
FIGURE 4: Percentage of Households with Less than 100% Energy Adequacy
Priority Policies and Programs • Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) • Enrolment of 7 million beneficiaries under the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) • Wholesale portfolio of the People’s Credit and Finance Corporation (PCFC) • Implementation of asset reform programs • Delivery of human development services
ODA for MDGs Summary of ODA for completed & ongoing projects, by MDG category, from 2001-2005, in million US$ Source: NEDA-PMS
INVESTMENTS SUPPORTIVE OF THE MDGs 2005-2010 Source: NEDA-PIS
INTENSIFYING MULTISECTORAL PARTNERSHIP AND COLLABORATION MDGs Donor Community Government (executive, legislature, judicial) Private/ Business Local Government Local Government CSOs, Academe
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability • Forests resources and watersheds • Biodiversity resources • Coastal and marine resources • Air quality • Water resources • Waste and toxic chemicals
Biodiversity Resources Philippines… ·one of the megadiverse countries in the world ·higher regard for the endemism of local species but… ·most severely threatened of the megadiverse countries
Coastal and Marine Resources ·rich sources of fish and aquatic products ·habitat for countless underwater wildlife ·natural areas for recreation/tourism Water resources • disparities in water supply coverage across regions • depletion of ground water especially in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu • pollution of water sources
Air Quality • pollution remains a problem in Metro Manila and major urban centers • on the level of suspended particulates (TSP), air quality is not within standards Waste and Toxic Chemicals • solid waste generation in Metro Manila is estimated at 5,345 tons per day • urbanization inevitably increased the use of chemicals • no integrated treatment facility for hazardous waste
Priority Policies and Programs • Adoption of Sustainable Forest Management • Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines and the Watersheds Code • Various biodiversity acts • Fisheries Code and AFMA • Clean Air Act
Challenges and Priorities for Action • Sustainable and more productive utilization of natural resources • Focus and strengthen the protection of vulnerable and ecologically fragile areas • Create healthier environment for the population • Mitigate the occurrence of natural disasters • Ensure environmental accountability for all industries
CROSSCUTTING CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES FOR ACTION FINANCING THE MDGs Source: DBM, Budget of Expenditure and Sources of Financing
CROSSCUTTING CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES FOR ACTION FINANCING THE MDGs Distribution of Public Expenditures by Local Government Units By Sector, 2001-2004 (in thousand pesos) Source: DBM, Budget of Expenditure and Sources of Financing
CROSSCUTTING CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES FOR ACTION FINANCING THE MDGs Source: NEDA-PIS
CROSS-CUTTING CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES FOR ACTION • Reduce disparities across regions • Increase resource allocation for MDG-related programs and projects • Enforce full/stricter implementation of laws & ensure passage of MDG-supportive bills • Strengthen monitoring and implementation • Scale-up campaign for localization • Develop an advocacy plan • Intensify multisectoral partnership & collaboration
Facilitating Factors • Strong global support for MDGs by the United Nations, ASEAN, and other multilateral organizations; • Expanding national support among policymakers for MDGs (e.g., creation of the House Committee on MDGs, issuance of EO on the MDGs); • Prioritization of MDGs in resource allocation (e.g., focusing of MTPIP investments on MDGs) • Increasing awareness and participation of private sector, LGUs in MDG-related programs
Hindering Factors • Resource constraints (i.e., MDG financing gap of about $1.5 billion yearly); • Lack of support by creditors for the Debt for MDG Projects/Debt for Equity in MDG Projects initiative; • Low budgetary priority for MDGs accorded by some LGUs; and • Lack of disaggregated data to monitor MDGs at local levels.
Parallel Initiatives • Participation in the High-Level Plenary Meeting on MDGs • Formulation of the Plan of Action for Poverty Reduction (2006-2010) Enhance the current Poverty Reduction Strategy and Program Framework • Advocacy for the Philippine proposal on Debt for Equity in MDG Projects
Implications on the Philippine Economy MDG attainment would require: • Enhanced revenue generation; • LGU, private sector and civil society support; • Expansion of microfinance services for the poor; • Pursuit of projects with high economic impact; • Right-sizing the bureaucracy; • Privatization; and • Tapping OFW remittances.