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Applying GIS to Watershed Pollution Management

Applying GIS to Watershed Pollution Management. Kelly Hayden. Purpose. Can GIS technology be used to solve pollution problems?. Background. www.esri.com. GIS - Geographical Information systems Visually represents data using layers Low cost of operation Becoming widely used.

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Applying GIS to Watershed Pollution Management

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  1. Applying GIS to Watershed Pollution Management Kelly Hayden

  2. Purpose Can GIS technology be used to solve pollution problems?

  3. Background www.esri.com GIS - Geographical Information systems Visually represents data using layers Low cost of operation Becoming widely used

  4. GIS vs. Other Data Storage GIS has a large database Organizes data by any attribute Perform queries Creates layers from data Can see spatial relationships over time Uses models to go beyond original data

  5. Non-point source pollution www.featurepic.com www.catchwordbranding.com Fertilizers Animals

  6. Solving Pollution Problems Using gis-based hydrogeologic models

  7. Hydrogeologic Models • Input data • Processes the information • Outputs data for interpretation • Application of GIS • Prepare input data • Retains spatial relations of data • Outputs visual representation • Easy to interpret the output

  8. Flow Models • Models create flow maps • Where water is and how it flows • Groundwater time travel model • Velocity of water • Residence time • SWAT - Soil and Water Assessment Tool • Effectiveness of existing pollution management

  9. Flow Models Soil properties layer Leh and Chaubey, 2009 Digital Elevation Model Pandey et al, 2008 • Input data • Land use from remote sensing • Topography • Soil properties • Digital elevation models • Estimate hydraulic conductivity and gradient • Depth to watertable

  10. Flow Maps Schilling and Wolter, 2007 Flow map from groundwater time travel modelshowing residence time • Uses • Delineate watershed • Locating source of pollution • Water quality sampling sites • Effects of management plans current and future • Create better management plans

  11. Vulnerability Maps • Output is a map • Ranks watershed areas by risk for contamination • DRASTIC and EPIC models • Weigh input data by their influence

  12. Vulnerability Map • Input data • Land use • Depth to water table • Hydraulic conductivity • Soil properties

  13. Vulnerability Map Mohammadi et. al., 2009

  14. Neural Network Model • Complicated mathematical model • Mimics neurons in the brain • Identifies complex patterns • Weighs input data and their relations • Predict pollutant concentrations • GIS used to prepare input-output vectors • GIS divides watershed into homogeneous zones

  15. Neural Network • Input data • Land use • Soil permeability • Hydraulic conductivity

  16. Neural Network Models Classify areas by pollutant concentration Spatial data displayed by GIS Predictions are 74 % accurate Useful model because of small amount of input data Low cost compared to widely used transport models

  17. Limitations of GIS-based Hydrogeologic Models • Error from input data • Outdated information • Unavailable data • Estimated parameters • Reduce error with field research • Increases cost and time • Error will lessen with time

  18. Summary GIS is an effective means of solving pollution problems GIS can be used to run hydrogeologic models Organizes data Creates easy to interpret maps Aides management planning Can determine the effectiveness of management plans Accurate results Low cost Can make pollution management easier and more widespread

  19. Questions?

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