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Social and Ethical Issues in Biology

Social and Ethical Issues in Biology. What is ethics?. Organ Transplants. Transplanting Organs. In C anada there are 14 organ donors per 1 million people. In 2007, 4195 Canadians were waiting for organ transplants and of those 193 people died

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Social and Ethical Issues in Biology

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  1. Social and Ethical Issues in Biology

  2. What is ethics?

  3. Organ Transplants

  4. Transplanting Organs • In Canada there are 14 organ donors per 1 million people. • In 2007, 4195 Canadians were waiting for organ transplants and of those 193 people died • Humans can donate any organs, common organs are kidneys, liver, lung, small bowel and pancreas • In some parts the world people are encouraged to sell their organs (India) for profit

  5. Organs for Sale! • “organs and tissues should be freely given without commercial consideration or financial profit.” • “the very idea of organ scarcity has to be questioned. It’s an artificially created need, invented by transplant technicians and dangled before the eyes of an ever-expanding sick, aging, and dying population. And it’s a scarcity that can never under any circumstances be satisfied, for underlying the need is the quintessentially human denial and refusal of death.”

  6. Organ transplant- ethical Q/A • What are some ethical issues in selling and purchasing organs? • Is organ transplanting a ‘win-win situation? It provides money for the seller and an organ for the buyer, is this a reason to approve the sale of organs? • Some people have suggested that legalizing the sale of organs would prevent the physical risks to the organ donor. Comment on this. • What is your opinion on organ transplants? Do you think it is an Islamically moral practice?

  7. Advances in Cell Biology Treatment

  8. Gene Therapy • Gene therapy involves replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal gene • Experimental procedure, in the future it could be used to treat cancer ex. Apoptosis of cancer cells

  9. Gene Therapy

  10. Cloning • Cloning creates a genetically identical organism that is an exact copy of a gene, cell, tissue or organism • In plants: grafting to make trees that produce the exact same type of apple • In animals: reproductive cloning, gene cloning, therapeutic cloning • sheep, monkeys, cows, pigs, dogs, cats, mice and rats have been cloned using reproductive cloning

  11. Cloning Reproductive Cloning

  12. Cloning • Gene Cloning- transfer of a gene into bacteria so that the gene can be reproduced multiple times, which makes it easier for scientists to do experiments (used in Gene Therapy) • Therapeutic Cloning- purpose is to harvest embryonic stem cells from a developing embryo. Can harvest embryonic and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells can be harvested to create tissue, which can replace any damaged tissues in the patient

  13. Gene Therapy Q/A • What is gene therapy? • How can gene therapy be used to treat or prevent diseases? • What is cloning • Distinguish between the three types of cloning in animals

  14. Transgenic Techniques

  15. Transgenic Techniques • Transgenic organisms contain the genes from other species. Ex. Glofish • Transgenic animals can be used to study the effects of diseases • Transgenic animals can be used to produce organs that can be used in human organ transplants in a process called xenotransplantation

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