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HEALTH PROMOTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE

HEALTH PROMOTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE. WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?. HEALTH PROMOTION. The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS : wide-ranging multi-disciplinary philosophical. HEALTH PROMOTION. Tannahill (1985) offers a practical

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HEALTH PROMOTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE

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  1. HEALTH PROMOTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE

  2. WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?

  3. HEALTH PROMOTION • The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS : • wide-ranging • multi-disciplinary • philosophical

  4. HEALTH PROMOTION Tannahill (1985) offers a practical model, which brings together 3 service components with overlapping roles and concerns

  5. HEALTH PROMOTION Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection

  6. HEALTH PROMOTION WHAT HEALTH are we promoting ?

  7. HEALTH PROMOTION WHO ‘definition’ is actually a political slogan in the Constitution (1946) “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

  8. HEALTH PROMOTION ‘HEALTH FOR ALL’ has a more functional and utilitarian approach To attain a level of health that will permit people to lead a socially and economically productive life

  9. HEALTH PROMOTION ‘HEALTH is a resource for everyday living….” (WHO)

  10. HEALTH PROMOTION Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection

  11. HEALTH PROMOTION Prevention is an important component. It has a strong intuitive appeal LEVELS OF PREVENTION WELL EARLY DISEASE LATE DISEASE DEATH Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention

  12. HEALTH PROMOTION • IMPORTANT REMINDER : • Be Evidence-Based • Do Research and Evaluation • Use Appropriate Technology

  13. HEALTH PROMOTION US Preventive Services Task Force Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 6/2003 – Health Screening Guide to Clinical Preventive Services • Comprehensive reviews of the scientific basis for preventive services

  14. HEALTH PROMOTION Primary prevention is desirable, but limited by knowledge Examples • Immunization • Proper and adequate nutrition • Weight control • Exercise prescription

  15. HEALTH PROMOTION SCREENING Presumptive is an important strategy identification of disease or defect …. unrecognized

  16. HEALTH PROMOTION CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : • Major public health problem • Identifiable pre-clinical phase • Early treatment effective (1) Suitable Disease

  17. HEALTH PROMOTION CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : • Simple to apply and interpret • Cheap (cost-effective) • Painless and safe • Accurate and reproducible • Acceptable to people (2) Suitable Test

  18. HEALTH PROMOTION CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING : • Call and recall of appropriate subjects • Adequate and coordinated follow-up • Quality assurance • On-going evaluation (3) Suitable Organization

  19. HEALTH PROMOTION Examples : • hypertension • diabetes mellitus • coronary heart disease • anaemia • nutritional disorders • tuberculosis • cervix cancer • breast cancer Screening may be directed at : • general population • high-risk groups

  20. HEALTH PROMOTION We must go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection

  21. HEALTH PROMOTION Knowledge Health Education is not just the passive transmission of information. (BEWARE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD) Beliefs Attitude Practice (Behaviour)

  22. HEALTH PROMOTION Examples : Educational messages must • Achievements in tobacco control • Successes in smoking cessation • Health benefits of non-smoking EXCITE

  23. HEALTH PROMOTION Educational messages must Examples : • Non-smokers staying off tobacco • Smokers helped to quit ENCOURAGE

  24. HEALTH PROMOTION Educational messages must Examples : • How non-smokers can fight temptation • Enable smokers to quit the habit EQUIP

  25. HEALTH PROMOTION Examples : Educational messages must • Adopt non-smoking as desired way of life • Advocate for non- smoking and anti- smoking policies EMPOWER

  26. HEALTH PROMOTION We need to move away from vertical, disease – oriented programmes : CHD Ca DM

  27. HEALTH PROMOTION Let us take the risk-factor approach Ca DM CHD Smoking Diet Exercise

  28. HEALTH PROMOTION • Take the messages to different arenas : • General Public • Schools • Workplace • Healthcare facilities • Community facilities

  29. HEALTH PROMOTION We continue to go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital Health Education Preventive Services Health Protection Hospital

  30. HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH PROTECTION : regulations and policies that help to create a supportive healthful environment Examples : • control of environmental hazards • restriction of smoking in public • quarantine measures

  31. HEALTH PROMOTION • Public Health Laws are necessary : • to protect individuals, families and the community • to inculcate responsible and healthful behavior and practices

  32. Individual Liberty HEALTH PROMOTION In any society, there is a need to balance : Public Good versus

  33. HEALTH PROMOTION Public Agencies have a very important role in Health Promotion - political commitment - policy direction - funding and other resources - implementation and enforcement

  34. HEALTH PROMOTION SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACTIONS FOR HEALTH TOTAL COMMUNITY EFFORT

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