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Overview of Meiosis

Overview of Meiosis. How do we get these genes?. Human cells have 46 chromosomes Each parent provides 23 chromosomes, resulting in 23 pairs of chromosomes Homologous Chromosomes- the pair of chromosomes made by one chromosomes from each parent. How do all humans have 23 pairs?.

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Overview of Meiosis

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  1. Overview of Meiosis

  2. How do we get these genes? • Human cells have 46 chromosomes • Each parent provides 23 chromosomes, resulting in 23 pairs of chromosomes • Homologous Chromosomes- the pair of chromosomes made by one chromosomes from each parent

  3. How do all humans have 23 pairs? • Sex cells called gametes are made by both males and females that contain half the number of chromosomes. • Haploid- a cell with n number of chromosomes • Fertilization- process where 2 haploid cells join together • Diploid- a cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes

  4. Female (diploid) 2n Page 271

  5. How are gametes made? • Gametes are formed during a process called meiosis • During meiosis the number of chromosomes are reduced as the cell divides

  6. Meiosis continued • Meiosis only occurs in the reproductive structures of organisms that reproduce sexually • Crossing over- process were chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes

  7. Anaphase I • Homologous chromosomes are moved to opposite poles by spindle apparatus • Sister chromatids remain attached at the centromeres • How does this differ from anaphase of mitosis?

  8. Telophase I • Spindle apparatus continues to separate homologous pairs of chromosomes • Each pole has a haploid set of chromosomes • Cytokinesis occurs and daughter cells are formed.

  9. Meiosis I

  10. Meiosis II

  11. Crossing Over During Prophase I

  12. Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

  13. Results of Crossing Over

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