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Unit 3

Unit 3. Holidays and Festivals. Text A. Conversation: Let’s Celebrate! 会话：让我们来庆祝！. celebrate: v. 庆祝 e.g. to celebrate National Day 庆祝国庆 People in the city held a great party to celebrate their victory 本市的市民举行了盛大的晚会庆祝他们的胜利。 名词 celebration .

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Unit 3

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  1. Unit 3 Holidays and Festivals

  2. Text A • Conversation: Let’s Celebrate! • 会话：让我们来庆祝！

  3. celebrate: v. 庆祝 e.g. • to celebrate National Day 庆祝国庆 • People in the city held a great party to celebrate their victory 本市的市民举行了盛大的晚会庆祝他们的胜利。 • 名词celebration

  4. John meets Ann on the way to the library. They discuss the Halloween celebration coming next week.

  5. John meets Ann on the way to the library. • meets: 第三人称单数 （一般现在时） • on the way to: 在去……的路上 例句： If you like you can come and meet ontheway back.    要是你高兴，你可以来，在路上接我。 That type of dress is ontheway out. 那种式样的服装就要过时了。 I was held up ontheway and so I was late. 途中遇事耽搁, 故未能按期到达。

  6. discuss: v. 讨论 e.g. We’ll discuss these in detail below. 我们将在下面详细讨论。 • Halloween: n.万圣节（10月31日）

  7. 翻译 • John meets Ann on the way to the library. They discuss the Halloween celebration coming next week. • 约翰在去图书馆的路上遇到安，他们讨论起下周将至的万圣节庆祝活动。

  8. John: Did you know Halloween is coming up next week? • Ann: Oh, I know. It’s on Oct. 31. But I don’t know why you celebrate it and what you do on that holiday.

  9. Did you know Halloween is coming up next week? • 宾语从句：从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连. • 现在进行时表示将来：is coming up在本句中表示将来。go ,leave, begin, start, come, stop等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来 。 e.g. I’m leaving. 我要走了。 • come up: 出现，接近。e.g. Spring Festival is coming up next year on Jan. 26. 明年的春节是一月26日。

  10. on Oct. 31：具体日期前使用介词on • 月份前使用in，如in January 2002 • But I don’t know why you celebrate it and what you do on that holiday. • 宾语从句:从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑问代、副词作连接词，从句用正常语序 。例句： I don’t know why you said so. 我不知道你为什么这么说。 I believe what he told me. 我相信他对我说的话。

  11. 翻译 • John: Did you know Halloween is coming up next week? • Ann: Oh, I know. It’s on Oct. 31. But I don’t know why you celebrate it and what you do on that holiday. • 约翰：你知道下周万圣节到了吗？ • 安：哦，我知道，是10月31日，可我不清楚为何庆祝这个节日，以及如何庆祝。

  12. John: Well, for me, it’s a time for fun. Children put on masks and costumes, and they knock on people’s doors asking for candy by saying the words “Trick or treat!” • Ann: Sounds interesting.

  13. put on masks and costumes • put on：穿戴 • 例句：At bedtime, I take off my clothes and puton my pajamas.    睡觉时，我脱去衣服，换上睡衣。 • 其他意思：装出, 假装, 增加, 欺骗, 添上, 使靠...维持生命 • mask：n.面具，幌子 例句：She concealed her identity by wearing a mask 她戴了面罩以免被认出。 • costume: n. 服装 academic costume 学位服a costume designer 服装设计师

  14. …they knock on people’s doors asking for candy by saying the words “Trick or treat!” • knock on the door: 敲门 • asking for candy: 现在分词表示伴随情况 • candy: 糖果 • by saying …: 介词by后接动名词，表示通过某种方式，例如：He irritated me by endlessly challenging my advice. 他没完没了地挑战我的建议，令我很生气。 • “Trick or treat!” 不给糖就捉弄你。

  15. “Trick-or-treating!” is a custom for children on Halloween. Children proceed in costume from house to house, asking for treats such as candies, or sometimes money, with the question, "Trick or treat?" In United States it is one of the main traditions of Halloween and it has become socially expected that if one lives in a neighborhood with children one should purchase treats in preparation for trick-or-treaters.

  16. 翻译 • John: Well, for me, it’s a time for fun. Children put on masks and costumes, and they knock on people’s doors asking for candy by saying the words “Trick or treat!” • Ann: Sounds interesting. • 约翰：对我来说，这一天是个开心的日子。孩子们会戴上面具，穿上节日服装，还去敲别人家的门要糖吃，嘴里说着“给我糖，不然我就捉弄你”。 • 安：听起来很有意思啊。

  17. John: But it’s not only for kids. Many people hold costume parties for celebration. Actually, I will attend such a party next week. Would you like to go with me? • Ann: Sure. I’d love to. So are we going to wear costumes to the party?

  18. hold costume parties: 举行化妆晚会 • hold: v. 举行 e.g. to hold a meeting 开会， to hold talks with sb. 与某人举行会谈 • actually adv. 实际上，居然 例句：I found out by chance that she was actually a freshman from London University. 我偶然发现她实际上是伦敦大学的一年级学生。 • attend a party：参加晚会 • attend: v. 出席 e.g. attend a ceremony 参加典礼attend a meeting 出席会议

  19. Conversation: Inviting people -- Would you like to go with me? -- Sure. I’d love to. Would you like to …愿意做某事吗？e.g Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 愿意喝杯咖啡吗？ (More to be found in Idiomatic Study)

  20. 翻译 • John: But it’s not only for kids. Many people hold costume parties for celebration. Actually, I will attend such a party next week. Would you like to go with me? • Ann: Sure. I’d love to. So are we going to wear costumes to the party? • 约翰：可这一天不只是孩子在庆祝，许多人也会举办化装舞会进行庆祝。实际上，我下周会参加一个这样的晚会。你想和我一起去吗？ • 安：当然，我很愿意。这么说我们要装扮一下出席晚会吗？

  21. John: Of course. Last year I went to the party with a Spiderman costume, and this year I’m going as a clown. • Ann: A clown? You’ll make a good clown. • John: Hey!

  22. Last year I went to the party with a Spiderman costume, and this year I’m going as a clown. • 一般过去时 • Spiderman 蜘蛛侠 (a fictional superhero) • as: prep. 作为 e.g. He is famous as a scholar. • clown:小丑

  23. You’ll make a good clown! • Paraphrase: You’ll turn out to be a good clown. • make:变为；结果为；证明为If you train hard, you will make a good footballer.如果你加紧锻炼，就会成为一个好的足球运动员.

  24. Hey! • (表示惊讶、疑问、喜悦或用以唤起注意等)嗨;喂 e.g. Hey! Where are you going? 喂！你去哪儿？ • 此处Hey表达John的不满，提醒Ann注意自己说话的方式。

  25. 翻译 • John: Of course. Last year I went to the party with a Spiderman costume, and this year I’m going as a clown. • Ann: A clown? You’ll make a good clown. • John: Hey! • 约翰：当然。去年我是穿着蜘蛛侠服装出席晚会的，而今年我想扮成一个小丑。 • 安：小丑？你一定扮得不错。 • 约翰：喂！

  26. Ann: Sorry, I’m just kidding.It sounds interesting.What about me? What kind of costume shall I wear?

  27. Sorry, I’m just kidding. • conversation skill：to apologize • kid: v.欺骗，哄骗; 开玩笑 He’s not really hurt, he’s only kidding. 他未真正受伤，只是骗骗人而已.

  28. 其他例句： • Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吗？ • Don't get so mad! I'm justkidding! 别那么生气嘛！我只是在开玩笑！ • You must be kidding! 你一定是在骗我! • No kidding. It 's impossible to do this in a week. 别开玩笑，这件事要在一周内完成是不可能的。

  29. What about me? • What about … 和 how about … 是英语口语中常用的两个省略句型，它们的意思和用法基本相同，常常用在以下场合。 • 向对方提出建议或请求。What about another cake? 再吃块蛋糕好吗？ • 征询对方的看法或意见。 What about the TV play? 那个电视剧怎么样？ • 询问天气或身体等情况。 What about the weather in your home town? 你们家乡的气候如何？

  30. 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。 I am from Beijing. What about you? 我是北京人，你呢？ • 对所陈述的情况做出反诘，常给予对方一种暗示。 A: My memory is good. I’ve never forgotten anything.我的记忆力很好，从不忘记什么。 B: What about that time you left your key to the office at home?那次你将办公室的钥匙忘在家里算是怎么回事呀？

  31. What kind of costume shall I wear? • what kind of: 询问类别，种类。kind of 后面的名词一般不加冠词，可以接不可数名词和可数名词（包括单数和复数）。What kind of soap do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一种肥皂?What kind of people do they think we are?他们认为我们是哪种人?

  32. shall的用法：shall 既是助动词也是情态动词 1. 助动词shall 的用法： shall + 动词原形表示一般将来时 We shall read some more books. 我们将读更多的书。 在将来时中，will 常用于第一、二人称，但shall 只用于第一人称，如果用于第二、三人称，就失去助动词的意义，变为情态动词了。　2. 情态动词shall的用法。    （1）表示说话者的意图、允许、警告、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、三人称中，有“必须”之意。You shall do your homework. 你必须做你的家庭作业。（2）在问句中表示征求对方意见，主要用于第一、三人称，有“……好吗？”，“要不要”等意思。Shall we go to the safari park? 我们去野生动物园好吗？

  33. 翻译 • Ann: Sorry, I’m just kidding.It sounds interesting.What about me? What kind of costume shall I wear? • 安：不好意思，我只是开个玩笑。听起来挺有意思的。那我呢？我该穿什么服装？

  34. John: Why don’t you go as Snow White? I saw a beautiful Snow White outfit at the costume store. • Ann: Snow White… Yeah, that’s a good idea. I’ll go and have a look.

  35. conversation skill: to give suggestions -- Why don’t you go as Snow White? -- Snow White… Yeah, that’s a good idea. • why don’t you …?也可以说 why not…？ 意思是“不如做某事吧”，提出建议。 • Why don’t you/ Why not take a vacation? • as: 作为 e.g. He came to the school as a famous lecturer. 他作为著名演说家来到这个学校。

  36. Snow White outfit • Snow White: the title character of a fairy tale known from many countries in Europe, the best known version being the German one collected by the Brothers Grimm. • outfit：n. 成套装备，全套服装 e.g. She bought a ski outfit. 她买了一套滑雪装备。

  37. John: Why don’t you go as Snow White? I saw a beautiful Snow White outfit at the costume store. • Ann: Snow White… Yeah, that’s a good idea. I’ll go and have a look. • 约翰：扮成白雪公主如何？我在服装店看到一件漂亮的白雪公主服。 • 安：白雪公主……对啊，也不错。我去看看。

  38. Idiomatic study: Invitation Inviting: • I was wondering whether … (you would stay for dinner). • I’m going to… Would you like to come, too? • Why don’t you come? • Will you come, too?

  39. Accepting the invitation: • OK, I’d love to. • Well, I’ll be free then, thank you. I’d like to come. • I’m not doing anything special then. I’ll come. Thanks. Refusing the invitation: • I’m afraid I can’t. I’ll be busy then. • I’m sorry but I can’t. I’m going somewhere that day.

  40. Idiomatic study: Suggestions Making suggestions • Why don’t / not…(reviewing our lessons)? • If I were you, I would… (go to bed early). • What/ How about … (playing cards)? • Why don’t you…(buy this computer)? • What would you say to …(a cup of coffee)? • Don’t you think it’s a good idea to…(go to the cinema tonight)? • Does it matter if we…(use your car)?

  41. Accepting suggestions • OK. Yes, let’s. • Yes, I’d like to/ I’d love to. • Why not? • Yeah, that’s a good idea. Declining suggestions • I’d rather not. • No, let’s not.

  42. Further Reading: Halloween

  43. Text B • Chinese New Year and Chinese Spring Festival • 中国的新年和春节

  44. Para. 1 • Chinese New Year, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year or the Chinese Spring Festival, is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. Celebrated worldwide in regions with large populations of ethnic Chinese, Chinese New Year is considered to be the most important holiday for the Chinese. It is also the time when the largest human migration takes place, since Chinese all around the world return home on Chinese New Year eve to have reunion dinner with their family.

  45. also known as: • be known as 被认为是 The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has long been knownas the roof of the world.    青藏高原素有世界屋脊之称。 Oxford is knownas one of the best universities in the world. 牛津大学是世界公认的最好大学之一.

  46. the Chinese Lunar New Year • lunar：太阴的，月的(按月球运转而测算的);the lunar calendar 阴历，农历.lunar eclipse 月蚀.lunar landing 登月 • one of the traditional Chinese holidays • one of +n.复数 表示“其中之一”，例如：one of my favorite places

  47. Celebrated worldwide in regions with large populations of ethnic Chinese, Chinese New Year is considered to be the most important holiday for the Chinese. • 过去分词短语作状语：过去分词（短语）作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态几乎是同时发生，或是先于谓语动词的动作发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，与主语之间为被动关系。过去分词作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开，常表时间，条件，原因，方式，伴随，让步等含义。

  48. 典型例题1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. FollowedB. Followed by C. Being followedD. Having been followed 2）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.A. HeatingB. To be heated C. HeatedD. Heat B B

  49. 被动语态 is considered to be… 被认为是…… e.g. He is consideredtobe a hypocrite.    人家认为他是一个伪君子。  These are consideredtobe personal matters in the United States.    在美国，这些是被看作个人私事的。 

  50. 形容词最高级：the most important holiday 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the。若most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

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