PARAPHRASE,

1. PARAPHRASE, DON’T PLAGIARIZE

2. What is plagiarism? Plagiarism is taking other people’s words and/or ideas and pretending they are your own. • Some examples of plagiarism: • Copying a whole essay from the internet. • Copying a friend’s essay. • Buying an essay. • Copying a paragraph or sentence word for word. • Including a quote, but not telling who said it.

3. Why is plagiarism bad? 1. Plagiarizers don’t learn. When you plagiarize, you aren’t thinking for yourself, and you aren’t writing for yourself. The whole point of school is to learn something. 2. Plagiarizers don’t improve or learn from their mistakes. The teacher can’t help a plagiarizer to improve their writing, organizing or thinking. 3. When plagiarizers succeed, grades may be unfair. A student who worked hard may get a lower grade because a plagiarizer turned in a professional-quality essay. 4. A habit of plagiarism can get you in real trouble in the professional world. People may be kicked out of graduate school or fired for plagiarizing. In the professional world, plagiarizing can become a legal issue. Develop good habits now!

4. Common Reasons for Plagiarism Feel like your English isn’t good enough Don’t worry! That’s why you’re in this class! Ran out of time Start assignments early. Also: Late > Plagiarized. Ignorance – think “just a little copying” is okay Educate yourself! Even one sentence word for word is plagiarism. Worried about grade Get help from your teacher or friends! An honest effort will always get a better score than plagiarism!

5. What can we do instead? Brainstorming Note-taking Paraphrasing Using quotes

6. 1. BRAINSTORMING Writing down ideas about a topic, or brainstorming, is a good first step.

7. Let’s Brainstorm: Beyoncé Imagine you are going to write an essay about the singer, Beyoncé. What do you know about her already? At your table, brainstorm about Beyoncé. Don’t worry if the information is very simple.

8. Brainstorm what you know Brainstorm questions about what you don’t know Destiny’s Child “Single Ladies” Other top hits? When did she go solo? Beautiful H&M ads American Where is she from in America? Pop music Other genres? Good dancer Powerful voice How does she train? Married to Jay-Z Any singing awards? How long? Children?

9. 2. Note-Taking DON’TWRITE FULL SENTENCES, unless you are writing a quote “ “ WRITE down the main words/facts. WRITE YOUR SOURCE (where you read the information) at the top of the page. ELIMINATE words or phrases you don’t need. READ FOR THE GIST. It’s okay if you don’t understand every word if you understand the main ideas. WRITE DOWN DEFINITIONS for words you do need to know in your notes. Never use a word you don’t understand in your writing. ORIGINAL: Throughout a career spanning 16 years, she has won 17 Grammy Awards and sold over 118 million records as a solo artist[7] and 60 million with Destiny's Child,[8] making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time SHORT NOTES: Source: Wikipedia , 16 years career, 17 Grammy Awards, over 118 million records – solo, 60 million Destiny’s Child, “one of the best-selling music artists of all time” - Wikipedia

10. Take short notes on a piece of paper about this paragraph from Wikipedia. DO NOT write sentences! Let’s Take Notes! Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter[2] (/biˈjɒnseɪ/bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981)[3][4] is an American recording artist and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide; it sold 11 million copies, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

11. Example: Short Notes Taking short notes ERASES unnecessary information. It eliminates the old sentence structures and phrases and makes it easy to write your own words. Source: Wikipedia Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter[(born September 4, 1981) American recording artist, actress. Born and raised Houston, Texas, singing and dancing competitions as a child late 1990s lead singer R&B group Destiny's Child. Managed by father Mathew Knowles one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003 solo artist sold 11 million copies, five Grammy Awards Billboardnumber-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

12. 3. Paraphrasing • Paraphrasing means writing about the main ideas of a text using your own words. • In this class you must always write your original ideas and/or paraphrase from research. • The very best and easiest way to paraphrase is by taking short notes first.

13. Paraphrasing from Short Notes Write 2-3 sentences based on these short notes Source: Wikipedia Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter[(born September 4, 1981) American recording artist, actress. Born and raised Houston, Texas, singing and dancing competitions as a child late 1990s lead singer R&B group Destiny's Child. Managed by father Mathew Knowles one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003 solo artist sold 11 million copies, five Grammy Awards Billboard number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy". EXAMPLES: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter was born in Houston, Texas on September 4, 1981. When she was a child, she participated in singing and dancing competitions. In the 1990s she was the lead singer of Destiny’s Child. Her father was her manager.

14. COMPARE: Paraphrasing from notes to the original text Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter[2] (/biˈjɒnseɪ/bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981)[3][4] is an American recording artist and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide; it sold 11 million copies, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy". Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter was born in Houston, Texas on September 4, 1981. When she was a child, she participated in singing and dancing competitions. In the 1990s she was the lead singer of Destiny’s Child. Her father was her manager. Taking short notes and writing using only notes, makes paraphrasing MUCH EASIER!

15. Try it again! First, brainstorm everything you know about J.K. Rowling. On the next page is the beginning of Rowling’s Wikipedia entry. Take short notes!

16. Joanne "Jo" Rowling/ˈroʊlɪŋ/, OBEFRSL[3] (born 31 July 1965[4]), pen names J. K. Rowling[5] and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist, best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies.[6] They have become the best-selling book series in history,[7] and been the basis for a series of films which has become the highest-grossing film series in history.[8] Rowling had overall approval on the scripts[9] and maintained creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment.[10] Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990.[11] The seven-year period that followed entailed the death of her mother, divorce from her first husband and poverty until Rowling finished the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997). Rowling subsequently published 6 sequels—the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)—as well as 3 supplements to the series. Since, Rowling has parted with her agency and resumed writing for adult readership, releasing the tragicomedyThe Casual Vacancy (2012) and—using the pseudonym Robert Galbraith—the crime fiction novel The Cuckoo's Calling (2013), the first of a series.

17. Now change those short notes into paraphrased sentences!

18. 4. Using Quotes • Sometimes it makes sense to use the exact words in a text. For example: • To report something the famous person said. • J.K. Rowling said, “Anything’s possible if you’ve got enough nerve.” • To report something another famous person said about your subject. • When a TV reporter told Katy Perry that she was the biggest singing star, Perry said, “No, I’m not. Beyoncé is. Duh. Do not blaspheme Beyonce.” • If you want to use the same languageas an article.* • Gooddall “believes it is simple nonsense to say that animals, particularly chimpanzees …do not have personalities,” according to The Guardian. * Do not do this often. Quotes should not be overused.

19. A good quote… - Uses the EXACT same words as the person or source inside the quotation marks (“ “): • J.K. Rowling said, “Anything’s possible if you’ve got enough nerve.” •  J.K. Rowling said, “If you have the nerve, you can do anything.”  DON’T CHANGE IT IF IT’S IN QUOTES!

20. A good quote… - Is attributed to someone (you tell who said it) said Alice Cooper. said Oprah Winfrey. “Have no fear of perfection. You’ll never reach it,” “In human life economics precedes politics or culture,” “Where there is no struggle, there is no strength,” “Mistakes are part of the game. It’s how well you recover from them, that’s the mark of a great player,” said Park Geun-hye. said Salvador Dalí.

21. A good quote… - Is explained or given context. Look at the following examples: Oprah Winfrey was born in 1954. “Where there is no struggle, there is no strength,” said Oprah. Oprah went to Tennessee State University, but she had already begun her broadcasting career in high school. Oprah Winfrey was born in 1954, and she had a difficult childhood. She was born into poverty, and she was raped. “Where there is no struggle, there is no strength,” said Oprah. After her difficult childhood, Oprah went to Tennessee State University, but she had already begun her broadcasting career in high school. Oprah Winfrey was born in 1954, and she had a difficult childhood. She was born into poverty, and she was raped. However, she overcame her early difficulties to become one of the richest and most influential people in the world. “Where there is no struggle, there is no strength,” said Oprah. After her difficult childhood, Oprah went to Tennessee State University, but she had already begun her broadcasting career in high school.

22. Find the problems with the use of quotations below: In my videos I always want to be a powerful woman. That’s my mission. Beyonce said. Her most famous video might be for “Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It).” In this song, she sings, “If you liked it then why didn’t you marry me”? Beyoncé won the Grammy Award for best song of the year for this song, but she didn’t win the video award. Taylor Swift won instead. “YoTaylor. I'm really happy for you, I'm going to let you finish, but Beyoncé had one of the best videos of all time. Because of Kanye West’s rude interruption, Beyoncé later invited Taylor Swift onstage when she won an award.

23. “In my videos I always want to be a powerful woman. That’s my mission,” Beyonce said. Her most famous video might be for “Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It).” In this song, she sings, “If you liked it then you should’ve put a ring on it.” She’s letting the man know that he can’t be jealous of her independence because he didn’t marry her. Beyoncé won the Grammy Award for best song of the year for this song, but she didn’t win the video award. Taylor Swift won instead. Kanye West famously interrupted Swift’s acceptance speech by grabbing the microphone and saying, “Yo Taylor. I'm really happy for you, I'm going to let you finish, but Beyoncé had one of the best videos of all time.” Because of West’s rude interruption, Beyoncé later invited Taylor Swift onstage when she won an award.

24. TO SUM UP: • Never plagiarize. You can get a bad grade, you won’t learn anything, it’s not fair to others and it’s a bad habit to form. • Instead, follow this process: Brainstorming, Note-taking, Paraphrasing, Using Quotes • BRAINSTORMING – Don’t edit, include anything you can think of, brainstorm questions as well as answers • NOTETAKING – take SHORT notes, not full sentences; write your sources down; use quotes when copying word for word • PARAPHRASING – take short notes first, change the words from the original source • QUOTATIONS – words in quotations must match exactly, tell who said it, give context