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SERENA Science Operations and Planning

SERENA Science Operations and Planning. A. Milillo, S. Orsini and A. Mura ( INAF/Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology ) And the SERENA Team. Hermean environment. ( from Milillo et al., SSR, 2005 ). SERENA Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances. NPA :

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SERENA Science Operations and Planning

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  1. SERENA Science Operations and Planning A. Milillo, S. Orsini and A. Mura(INAF/Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology) And the SERENA Team

  2. Hermean environment (from Milillo et al., SSR, 2005) SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  3. SERENASearch for ExosphericRefillingand Emitted Natural Abundances NPA: ELENA investigates the Hermean escaping neutral gas (strongly linked to its surface), and the processes responsible of such a population. STROFIO investigates the exospheric gas composition. IS: PICAM investigates the exo-ionosphere extension and composition. MIPAinvestigates the plasma precipitation toward the surface of Mercury. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  4. SERENA vs Hermean environment SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  5. SERENA scientific objectives • Chemical and elemental composition of the exosphere • Neutral gas density asymmetries • Exo-ionosphere composition • Exo-ionosphere spatial and energy distribution • Plasma precipitation rate • Surface emission rate and release processes • Particle loss rate from Mercury’s environment • Remote sensing of the surface composition • Magnetosphere structure and dynamics • Planetary response to SW variations • ENA imaging applications for comparative solar-planetary relationship) • Heavy ion sputtering products Primary scientific objectives of SERENA. Support to other Bepi experiments. Challenging goals. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  6. ELENA ELENA is a Time-of-Flight neutral atom detector which provides direction and velocity of neutral particles at energy >10 eV. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  7. ELENA Scientific Operations SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013 SERENA-ELENA will detect released particles from the surface of the planet (Orsini et al. 2008) providing angular distribution and ToF spectra.

  8. ELENA surface scanning The s/c motion will allow a mapping of released particles from the surface of the planet (Orsini et al. 2008). This measurement correlated with the observation of ion flux to the surface seen by MPO/SERENA-MIPA will provide the surface efficiency in particle releasing via ion sputtering and back-scattering SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  9. Signal simulation for different sources Ion sputtering Backscattering Charge exchange SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  10. ELENA estimated outcomes • We have simulated the ELENA coverage of surface ion interaction by using different precipitation referenced models and cases: • Kallio et al., 2003: Hybrid model • Mura et al., 2005: Luhman model • Massetti et al., 2007: Toffoletto- Hill model

  11. Kallio et al. Parker IMF case South IMF case Extreme event case

  12. Mura et al. Precipitation derived after Schleicher et al. 2004 Observations South IMF case

  13. Massetti et al. IMF (-20, 0, -5) aphelion IMF (-20, 0, -5) perihelion Extreme case IMF (-45, 16, -20) Nsw 120 cm-3

  14. Estimated ENA distributions Kallio et al., 2003 Massetti et al., 2007 Mura et al., 2005 Mura et al., 2008 SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  15. ELENA coverage for a whole Mercury season with a hypothetical uniform flux uniform flux inside cusp projection

  16. ELENA LT Coverage: Summer Autumn SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  17. ELENA LT Coverage: Winter Spring SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  18. ELENA Geographic Coverage: Summer Autumn SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  19. ELENA Geographic Coverage: Winter Spring SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  20. 2. uniform flux inside cusp projection ELENA LT Coverage: Summer • Autumn

  21. ELENA Coverage: Winter • Spring

  22. ELENA Geographic Coverage: Summer • Autumn

  23. ELENA Geographic Coverage: Winter Spring

  24. Global charge-exchange ENA imaging from two vantage points MMO-ENA MPO-ELENA MPO close to the apoherm in the nightside SERENA-PDR, Rome, 2-3 December, 2008

  25. Summary of ELENA primaryobjectives SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  26. STROFIO concept STROFIO is a novel mass spectrograph that determines particle mass-per-charge (m/q) by a time-of-flight (ToF) technique. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  27. STROFIO Scientific Operations STROFIO measures the in-situ neutral particles with low energies (exospheric particles) with good mass resolution. For details see Desai presentation…. Spectrum of H2, He, Ne, N2, Ar, O2, CO2 SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  28. Summary of STROFIO primaryobjectives SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  29. MIPA scientific operations MIPA (Miniature Ion Precipitation Analyser) is a simple ion mass analyser optimised to provide monitoring of the precipitating ions and to measure the main groups of ions present in the magnetosphere. To obtain a full measurement, a scanning in energy and in angle will be operated within a duty cycle less than 1 minute. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  30. 2pi coverage sample pixel(1 of 24) total coverage Field of view of one MIPA pixel SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  31. MIPA Scientific Operations SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  32. SW inside the Mercury’s Magnetosphere Example: IMF (–20, 0, –5) nT at aphelion precipitating (PA < 90) mirrored (PA > 90°) PA distribution low-latitudes PA distribution high-latitudes SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  33. Summary of MIPA primaryobjectives SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  34. PICAM concept PICAM is optimized to measure low energy ions. Its main objective is to detect and characterize the exo-ionosphere and thereby complete the analysis of the composition of ions released from the surface/exosphere and ionized in the Hermean environment. To obtain a full measurement, a scanning in energy will be operated within a duty cycle about 1 minute SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  35. PICAM pixel PICAM was illuminated by an N2+ ion beam at 1 keV, coming from 50° elevation from the top right azimuth. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  36. PICAM mass analysis PICAM mass resolution is M/ΔM > 50 Simulations: M=39 and 40 AMU. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  37. Exo-ionosphere characterization Na+ density distribution (in Log10 of Na+/cm3 at TAA=150° in the equatorial plane) for average and idealysed solar wind conditions. SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  38. Summary of PICAM primaryobjectives SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  39. SERENA operations vs phase SERENA - HEWG meeting, Rome, 13-17 May, 2013

  40. Winter and Summer dayside SERENA objectives • SERENA objectives 1 and 2: STROFIO • SERENA objectives 3 and 4: PICAM • SERENA objective 5: MIPA • SERENA objective 6: ELENA, MIPA and STROFIO • SERENA objective 7: ELENA SERENA-HEWG meeting, Santa Fe, 12-14 May, 2008

  41. Winter nightside SERENA objectives • SERENA objectives 1 and 2: STROFIO • SERENA objectives 3 and 4: PICAM • SERENA objective 6: STROFIO • SERENA objective 7: ELENA and PICAM SERENA-HEWG meeting, Santa Fe, 12-14 May, 2008

  42. Summer nightside SERENA objectives • SERENA objectives 1 and 2: STROFIO • SERENA objectives 3 and 4: PICAM • SERENA objective 6d: STROFIO In the light of new MESSENGER results, plasma precipitation and ion sputtering can efficiently occur also in the night side, hence in the learning phase also ELENA should be operated SERENA-HEWG meeting, Santa Fe, 12-14 May, 2008

  43. Autumn and Spring SERENA objectives • SERENA objectives 1 and 2: STROFIO • SERENA objectives 3 and 4: PICAM • SERENA objective 5: MIPA • SERENA objective 6: ELENA, MIPA and STROFIO • SERENA objective 7: ELENA and PICAM at periherm SERENA-HEWG meeting, Santa Fe, 12-14 May, 2008

  44. MPO Orbit phases LB EB C A LD ED

  45. SERENA timeline 45 SERENA timeline has been developed and discussed within the team and ESA (SERENA TL meeting, Sept. 2011). “Late” and “Early” B and D phases are introduced.

  46. Thank you

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