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Overview of the Presentation. Who is Calgary Counselling Centre? Why is the issue of women who use aggression so complex? Responsible Choices for Women (RCW) group program for women who use aggression in intimate relationships Practice implications and questions . Learning Objectives. Become awar
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1. Women Who Use Aggression In Intimate Relationships Christine Berry, PsychologistDirector, Family Violence Prevention Initiatives Calgary Counselling Centre
Suite 200, 940 6th Ave SW
Intake Phone: (403) 691-5991
www.calgarycounselling.com
2. Overview of the Presentation Who is Calgary Counselling Centre?
Why is the issue of women who use aggression so complex?
Responsible Choices for Women (RCW) group program for women who use aggression in intimate relationships
Practice implications and questions
3. Learning Objectives Become aware of the contentious issues surrounding this population
Identify challenges working with women who use aggression
Provide a specific approach to working with women who use aggression
4. Who is Calgary Counselling Centre? Registered charitable organization in business since 1962
Research and Knowledge based Counselling Facility
Recognized leader in the treatment of Family violence
5. Women who use Aggression Contentious Issues
A Review of Research on Womens Use of Violence With Male Intimate Partners (Swan, Gambone, Caldwell, 2008)
6. Contentious (cont) Womens violence usually occurs in the context of violence against them by their male partners
7. Contentious cont In general, women and men perpetrate equivalent levels of physical and psychological aggression but men perpetrate sexual abuse, coercive control and stalking more frequently than women and women much more frequently injured during domestic violence.
8. Contentious (cont) Women and men equally likely to initiate physical violence in relation ships involving less serious situational couple violence and in relationships in which serious and very violent intimate terrorisms occur men more likely to perpetrate
9. Contentious (cont) Womens physical violence is more likely than mens violence to be motivated by self-defense and fear, whereas mens physical violence more likely than womens to be drive by control motives
10. Contentious (cont) Couples in mutually violent relationships find more negative effects for women
Because of the many differences in behaviors and motivations between womens and mens violence intervention based on male models of partner violence are likely not effective for many women.
11. Women who use aggression His Violence Her Violence
Physical power Verbal power
Hits Slaps
Punches walls Throws things
Gets in her face Nags
Shoves Pushes
Grabs to restrain Gets in front of door
12. Women who use aggression Pounds on table Refuses to talk
Yells Sulks
Raises fist Raises knife
Comes home late Locks him out
Cheats Withholds sex
Drinks not to argue Drinks for courage to argue
13. Women who use aggression Criticizes her all time Insults him in public
Ignores her Makes a scene
Ref: Weaver Manual : Treatment of Women Arrested for Domestic Violence. 2002
14. Continuum of Aggression and Abuse Common Couple Aggression
Remorse
No fear or injury
Arguments escalate
Could happen in any family
15. Continuum (cont) High Conflict
No fear
Anger is an issue
May have sporadic physical aggression or destruction of property
Do not solve problems well
May have remorse
Not emotionally abusive
16. Continuum (cont) Abuse
Sporadic physical aggression
Name calling but not character assassination
Apprehension
Verbal abuse
Threats of abandonment
May be remorseful
Aggression takes place without witnesses
17. Continuum (cont) Battering
Isolation
Threats
Name calling that attacks character
Regular physical abuse
Threats to kill self or others
18. Continuum cont Battering cont
Jealousy
Putting down friend and family
Destruction of property
More generally violent
Self absorbed
Change in the personality of the person being abused
19. Continuum (cont) Terrorism/Stalking
Monopolization of perception
Insidious psychological abuse
Well-thought out threats to kill
Torture of pets
Extreme isolation
Generally more regular physical abuse but may occur without physical abuse
Sexual humiliation and degradation
20. Women who use aggression In Calgary, Alberta, Canada , a specialized community court process, HomeFront, was initiated in 2001 to offer low risk accused who were willing to take responsibility for their actions the opportunity to be mandated to treatment.
21. Women who use aggression Data that looked at different phases of the project from 2001 until present indicated sex of the accused consistently 85 % male, 15 % female. (Tutty, L. Homefront presentation, 2011).
22. Women who use aggression At least some of those women referred to Calgary Counselling Centres Family Violence Prevention Program
23. Women who use aggression Calgary Counselling Center has offered groups for men who abuse for over 25 years
1995 began groups for women who abuse and modeled it after mens groups
Published paper comparing group women mandated and non-mandated 1995 -2008
24. Women who use Agression A Comparison of Women Who Were Mandated and Non-mandated to the Responsible Choices for Women Group
25. Women who use aggression Nature of the Abuse
Physically abusive behaviors: the most commonly endorsed were:
pushing/shoving (63%),
slapping with an open hand (46.4%),
grabbing (39.5%), and
punching with a closed fist (38.6%).
RCW San Diego 2009
26. Women who use Aggression Nature of the Abuse
The non-mandated women in the RC for Women program were statistically more likely to self report four physically abusive behaviors:
poking,
pushing/shoving,
grabbing, and pulling hair
27. Women who use Aggression Nature of the Abuse
Psychologically Abusive Behaviours
The most commonly endorsed items were:
name calling (63%)
making degrading/critical comments (58%)
unfair accusations or interrogation (40.3%), &
glaring at partner (40.2%)
28. Women who use Aggression 1995 - 2008 N= 261
58% of the women (156) were self- or counsellor-referred compared to 42% (114 women) who were mandated either by the courts, probation, or child welfare
2004 -2010 N = 139
40.3 (56) self referred and 59.7% of the women (83) were court, probation or child welfare referred
29. Women who use aggression Challenges when working with this population
Own bias
Not taken seriously
Attendance compliance
Lack of therapy models
Journey to Change
Risk assessment
30. Women who use aggression Family Violence Homicide Conference
Link to 2010 conference in Calgary,
Dobash and Dobash Murder in Britian Study
31. Women who use aggression Challenges (cont)
I thought the women would be more open and supportive... I was wrong
With men I confronted them without a second thought, with the women confrontations were more indirect, more gentle.
32. Women who use aggression Challenges (cont)
It was more of a struggle to get the women to take responsibility
One client openly stated she didnt take shit from anyone, her aggressiveness made her who she was dont see that ownership in mens group
33. Women who use aggression Program Principles
Respect
Accountability
Safety
Responsibility
34. Goals of RC for Women Program The primary goal is to assist women who are abusive to become violence free.
decreasing all forms of abusive behaviour;
accepting responsibility for ones behaviour;
increasing self esteem;
increasing assertive behaviour;
improving family relations;
decreasing stress;
increasing empathy toward those who have been impacted by abusive behaviour; and
assisting parents to cease physically abusing their children.
35. Women who use aggression Before group-
PAS, URICA
Engagement - Session Rating Scale (SRS)
Level of Distress OQ 45 - CAGE
Persons who use Aggression in Intimate Relationships
Time Outs
When Contemplative go to group
36. Women who use aggression 30 hour group
Male/female facilitator team
10 women in group
3 partner checks during time of treatment
Pre/Post measures
37. Women who use aggression Pre only
Trauma Symptom Checklist 40 (TSCL-40)Briere
38. Women who use aggression Pre and post
Abuse of Partner Scales: Physical and Non-Physical (Hudson, 1992)
Partner Abuse Scales: Physical and Non-Physical (Hudson, 1992)
Generalized Contentment Scale (Hudson, 1992)
Outcome Questionnaire (OQ 45.2)
39. Women who use aggression Pre and Post
Fam III Dyadic Relationship Scale
The University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Domestic Violence (URICA-DV)
Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Test Short Form (Reynolds, 1982)
40. Women who use Aggression Rosenberg Self-Esteem Index (Rosenberg, 1965)
The Personality Assessment Screener
Index of Clinical Stress (Hudson, 1992)
41. Women who use Aggression Key Themes
Safety Checks all sessions
Operationalize Abuse and violence in intimate relationships
- House of Abuse
Taking Responsibility
Turning Points Women who Abuse. video
42. Women who use Aggression Themes (Cont)
Owning and Dealing with anger and abuse in conflict situations-
Responsibility Logs
Challenging beliefs
Gender
43. Women who use aggression Themes (cont)
How beliefs support abuse
Karpmans Triangle
Participants affect
Iceberg concept
Eliminating abuse from lives
Power cards
44. Women who use Aggression Themes (cont)
Spirituality
Wisedom Cards
Becoming responsible for taking a stand against violence
Perspective Taking (Empty Chair)
45. Women who use aggression Themes (cont)
Commitment to work continuously on non-violence
Gateway to healthy, non abusive relationships
46. Women who use aggression Turning Point Women who Abuse, 28 minutes in total
Kinetic Video
info@kineticvideo.com
47. Women who use aggression Perspective taking- empty chair exercise
48. Women who use aggression Practice Implications
Partner checks with males- what are we learning from them
Addictions -
Trauma
Mental health
Mutual abuse
49. Women who use aggression Discussion
50. Women who use aggression References
Alyce LaViolette- Continuum of Aggression and Abuse, 2006. Conference on Family Violence Treatment, Calgary 2006.
Koonin M., Cabarcas, A., Geffner, R. (2002) Treatment of Women Arrested for Domestic Violence: Women Ending Abusive/Violent Episodes Respectfully. (Weaver Manual)
Swan, S.C., Gambone, L.J., Caldwell, J. E., Sullivan, T.P., Snow, D. K. A. (2008).A Review of Research on Womens Use of Violence With Male Intimate Partners. Violence and Victims Volume 23, Number 3.
51. Women who use aggression Tutty L., Babins-Wagner, R., Rothery, M. (2009).A Comparison of Women who were Mandated and Nonmandated to the Responsible Choices for Women Group. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 18:770-793.