Deep Underground Science & Engineering Laboratory Dr. Ed Seidel Assistant Director

1. Deep Underground Science & Engineering Laboratory Dr. Ed Seidel Assistant Director Mathematical and Physical Sciences National Science Foundation October 1, 2010

2. Outline DUSEL Scientific Promise and Project Status International opportunities Timelines and key decision points Camland Project, Japan

3. Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) • DUSEL is being envisioned as a unique, dedicated international underground education & research facility that would support potentially transformational experiments in multiple disciplines • The U.S. particle, nuclear, and astrophysics communities have selected DUSEL as central to their national programs • The engineering, geology and biology communities are proactively engaged, and participate in all aspects of DUSEL planning • Development focused on the former Homestake Gold Mine (Lead, SD), the deepest mine in North America Davis Cavern Sep 21, 2009

5. Cosmic Questions for DUSEL • Of what is the Universe made? • What is Dark Matter? • What are neutrinos telling us? • Are protons unstable? • Where did the antimatter go? • How did the Universe evolve? Dark Matter searches Long Base Line Neutrino Experiment & Proton Life time Double Beta Decay Experiments Homestake – Home to the Davis Detector (Nobel Prize, Physics, 2002) Raymond Davis, Jr.

6. Worldwide Underground Research (Excludes large cavities)

7. Proposed Science in DUSEL Four main pillars of emerging national physics program Long Baseline ν experiment Proton Decay ββ decay Dark Matter Other programs (list growing as possibilities become known) New capabilities in nuclear and neutrino astrophysics Research in geology, chemistry, biology, atmospheric sciences! 60m 55m

8. NSF/DOE agreed to establish DUSEL Physics Joint Oversight Group (JOG) immediately after release of P5 report (May 2008). Will jointly coordinate & oversee DUSEL experimental physics program. JOG meeting bi- monthly. Both agencies closely collaborating in defining and realizing the DUSEL physics program. Agencies have agreed on DUSEL stewardship roles & core research program: NSF/DOE Collaboration Interagency MOU planned for end of FY 2010.

9. International Opportunities • Open Global Laboratory • NSF would steward DUSEL for the world community • Experiments and collaborations welcome • International partners assume only incremental costs • Infrastructure investment already made • Network of similar labs around the world? • Coordinated, distributed global program • Cooperative stewardship model • For multi-component scope (not, e.g., ITER) • Well defined “steward” – “co-sponsor” roles • Well defined extent of risk • Extend “JOG” concept as appropriate

10. Summary DUSEL Scientific Promise and Project Status Potentially transformational; over a decade in planning Solid technical trajectory towards Preliminary Design Review in early 2011 Timelines and key decision points Establish baseline late 2011 Final Design Review mid-2013? Construction start 2014? International Opportunities Partners in facility definition; Partners in discovery Broad scientific scope

11. Back-up

12. Community Planning Activities & Reports • Community Activities, Advisory Committee Reports • Bahcall Report (2001) • Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) Long-Range Plan (2002) • International Workshop on Neutrinos and Subterranean Science (NESS, 2002) • High Energy Physics Advisory Committee (HEPAP) Long-Range Plan (2003) • EarthLab (2003) • DOE 20-yr. Facility Plan (2003) • The Neutrino Matrix (Four APS Divisions, 2004) • Quantum Universe – The Revolution in 21st Century Particle Physics (2004) • Deep Science (2006) • The Frontiers of Nuclear Science:  A Long Range Plan (2007), Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC). • Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5): A Strategic Plan for the Next Ten Years (2008) • National Research Council, National Science and Technology Council Reports • Connecting Quarks to the Cosmos (2003) • Neutrinos and Beyond (2003) • Physics of the Universe – A Strategic Plan for Federal Research at the Intersection of Physics and Astronomy (2004) • Revealing the Hidden Nature of Space and Time (EPP2010, 2006) • NSF/DOE commissioned a new NRC study to be completed early 2011.

13. Project Status: • Facility Design: • Design team at UC Berkeley and SD School of Mines has been completed and is making good progress on the preliminary design. • Experiments Design: • Multiple collaborations have been formed (S4 awards) composed of University and National lab teams to design a set of world class experiments for DUSEL lab. • Sanford Lab: • Significant progress in dewatering • 4850 Level infrastructure restoration underway • Safety Culture: • Project team and Sanford Lab. developing a safety culture to allow for a world class safe Laboratory. • Preliminary Design expected end of CY 2010

14. Far Detector – Water Cerenkov (WC) Large detectors 100 K-ton Plan for at least 2 detector Equivalent “conventional technology” – 50,000K PM / Detector. Gadolinium? N-detection Signal to Background Energy Resolution Large Cavity – LCAB agrees the rock at Sanford Lab is good. Cost and time for excavation Kamiokande Det. DUSEL – Cavity Design

15. Far Detector – LAr • Large TPC • Containment Vessel Design • Safety Issues • Cold Electronics Readout • Superior Signal to Noise • Cost competitive Liquid Argon time projection chambers (modern day bubble chambers) Passing charged particle ionizes the Argon. Ionization electrons drifted to the detector edge Ionization electrons drift through readout electrodes so charge is induced/collected on electrodes