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How do Scientists Work?

How do Scientists Work?. What is The Scientific Method?. 1. Ask a Question. A question that arises out of observations Observation – information gathered from using your senses: you can see it, hear it, feel it, taste it Cannot be refuted. 2. Form a hypothesis.

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How do Scientists Work?

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  1. How do Scientists Work? What is The Scientific Method?

  2. 1. Ask a Question • A question that arises out of observations • Observation – • information gathered from using your senses: you can see it, hear it, feel it, taste it • Cannot be refuted

  3. 2. Form a hypothesis • If flies lay eggs (too small for people to see) on meat, then maggots will be produced. • Is written If…Then. • Must be testable • Written in future tense • Prediction

  4. 3. Collect Data • scientists conduct experiments to investigate the hypothesis • Experiments consist of 2 groups: • Control group – the side used for comparison • Experimental group – the side being tested • Scientists test their hypothesis by gathering data: information gained from observations

  5. What are the two types of data? • Quantitative – data that is measured using numbers • Qualitative – characteristics not countable such as color, texture, smell

  6. Experimental Design • Constants- factors that are held the same for both sides of the experiment • Independent variable – Factor that stands alone and causes the change. • There can only be one independent variable • Plotted on X-Axis • Dependent variable – Factor that changes as a result of the change in the independent variable • Plotted on Y-Axis

  7. How to check… • Put your variables in a sentence and see if it makes sense • (independent variable) causes a change in (dependent variable)

  8. Let’s Practice… In a study conducted in room 1302, scientists were interested to see if the grade of students in the cafeteria determined how many sandwiches they could eat. Here is the data they gathered: Grade 9: 2 sandwiches Grade 10: 3 sandwiches Grade 11: 5 sandwiches Grade 12: 4 sandwiches (Independent) causes a change in (Dependent)

  9. Let’s Practice… In a study conducted in room 1302, scientists were interested to see if the year students were born affected the population size of their class. Here is the data they gathered: Born in1991: 587 students Born in1992: 577 students Born in1993: 557 students Born in1994: 570 students (Independent) causes a change in (Dependent)

  10. Lets Practice… In a study conducted in room 1302, scientists were interested to see if the amount of time spent studying each day changed the test score received. On average, here is the data they found… 0 minutes: 70% 15 minutes: 75% 30 minutes: 80% 40 minutes: 90% (Independent) causes a change in (Dependent)

  11. (Independent) causes a change in (Dependent)

  12. (Independent) causes a change in (Dependent)

  13. The controlled experiment • Tests the hypothesis • Able to be repeated exactly by others • Variables – factors in exp. that change • Change only 1 variable in the exp. all others remain constant • Independent variable – factor that is deliberately changed (manipulated variable) • Plotted on X-Axis • Dependent variable – factor that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable (responding variable) • Plotted on Y-Axis

  14. 4. Analyzing Results • Use of charts, tables, graphs • Look for patterns (trends) in data • Qualitative – descriptive observations such as color, smell, texture • Quantitative – data that includes a number

  15. 5. Report Conclusions • Draw a conclusion from the results of the experiment • Was the hypothesis supported or refuted by the data? • Summarize and explain data and its significance.

  16. Theory • If, after numerous tests, a major hypothesis cannot be shown to be false (evidence continues to support it), it may be accepted as a theory. • A theory is an explanation of observations that have been tested many times.

  17. The following are all examples of the characteristics of life. Identify each one. • Adapt D. genetic code G. Respond to stimulus • Made of cells E. Grow and develop H. Homeostasis • Reproduce F. Use/need energy • You eat a hamburger for lunch. • A baby gains 3 pounds in one week and begins to recognize voices. • A polar bear has white fur to blend in with the snow. • Your start to cry whenever you get a shot at the doctor’s office. • You begin to shiver because it is cold outside. • Red and white particles make up part of your blood. • A chick breaks out of an egg.

  18. The following are all examples of the characteristics of life. Identify each one. • Adapt D. genetic code G. Respond to stimulus • Made of cells E. Grow and develop H. Homeostasis • Reproduce F. Use/need energy • You eat a hamburger for lunch. F • A baby gains 3 pounds in one week and begins to recognize voices. E • A polar bear has white fur to blend in with the snow. A • You start to cry whenever you get a shot at the doctor’s office. G • You begin to shiver because it is cold outside. H • Red and white particles make up part of your blood. B • A chick breaks out of an egg. C

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