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The Origins of the Cold War

The Origins of the Cold War. Historiography of the Cold War. Nationalist School. Historiography of the Cold War. Nationalist School. "The brave and essential response of free men to communist aggression." --Arthur Schlesinger Jr., 1967. Historiography of the Cold War. Revisionist School.

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The Origins of the Cold War

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  1. The Origins of the Cold War

  2. Historiography of the Cold War • Nationalist School

  3. Historiography of the Cold War • Nationalist School "The brave and essential response of free men to communist aggression." --Arthur Schlesinger Jr., 1967

  4. Historiography of the Cold War • Revisionist School

  5. Historiography of the Cold War • Revisionist School “He [Truman] promoted an ideology and politics of Cold War confrontation that became the modus operandi of successor administrations for the next two generations.” --Arnold Offner, 1999

  6. Historiography of the Cold War • Realist School

  7. Historiography of the Cold War • Realist School “By 1949, US officials, non-governmental opinion molders, and ordinary citizens were exhibiting a self-righteous confidence in the complete validity of America's policies, and of the total evil of international communism that made clear thinking and wise diplomacy difficult.” --Ralph Levering, 2001

  8. Historiography of the Cold War • Post-Revisionist School

  9. Historiography of the Cold War • Post-Revisionist School “After the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union were doomed to be antagonists.... There probably was never any real possibility that the post-1945 relationship could be anything but hostility verging on conflict... Traditions, belief systems, [close contact], and convenience ... all combined to stimulate antagonism, and almost no factor operated in either country to hold it back.” --Ernest May, 1984

  10. George Kennan vs. Nikolai Novikov

  11. George Kennan vs. Nikolai Novikov

  12. George Kennan vs. Nikolai Novikov “They have learned to seek security only in patient but deadly struggle for total destruction [of] rival power, never in compact and compromises with it.” --Long telegram, 1946

  13. George Kennan vs. Nikolai Novikov

  14. George Kennan vs. Nikolai Novikov “The foreign policy of the United States, which reflects the imperialist tendencies of American monopoly capital, is characterized in the postwar period by a striving or world supremacy.” --Novikov Telegram, 1946

  15. Step 1: Pre-WWII • Allied Intervention (1918) • Non-Recognition “The Last Decisive Battle”

  16. Step 2: World War II • Second Front

  17. Step 3: Cooperation and Suspicion (1945-6) • Baruch Plan (1946)

  18. Step 3: Cooperation and Suspicion (1945-6) • Poland

  19. Step 4: The Iron Curtain Emerges (1947-50) • Truman Doctrine (1947) “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."

  20. Step 4: The Iron Curtain Emerges (1947-50) • Marshall Plan (1947)

  21. Step 4: The Iron Curtain Emerges (1947-50) • NSC-68 “[The US] must strike out on a bold and massive program of rebuilding the West’s defensive potential… and to meet each challenge promptly and unequivocally. This means virtual abandonment by the US of trying to distinguish between national and global security.” --NSC-68, 1950

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