ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY

1. ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY Hande Özüt, Yunus Arıkan and Gülçin Özsoy 19-20 November 2007 Budapest

2. Urban Water Crisis in Turkey

3. Central Government? Local Government? or Climate Change? Who was responsible?

4. Water Resources of Turkey Source: www.dsi.gov.tr

5. Water Management and Main Responsible Bodies

6. Climate Change Policy in Turkey

7. “...analysis of the current situation and the projections based on IPCC further indicate that warming will vary by region, and will be accompanied by both increases and decreases in precipitation, depending on region and locality. There will also be changes in the variability of the climate, including rainfall and snowfall, and an increase in the frequency of some extreme climate phenomena, such as floods and droughts”. (First National Communication, 2007) Climate Change and Turkey

8. Temperature: observed changes Source: First National Communication of Turkey on Climate Change, 2007

9. Temperature: projections Changes in Temperatures for Turkey for All Seasons by 2100 Source: First National Communication of Turkey on Climate Change, 2007

10. Precipitation: observed changes Source: First National Communication of Turkey on Climate Change, 2007

11. Precipitation Decrease in Turkeyin winter 2006-2007 Source: State Hydraulic Works

12. Precipitation: projections Seasonal Precipitation Difference in Turkey by 2100 Source: First National Communication of Turkey on Climate Change, 2007

13. Climate Change Projections :Snow Depth Erciyes M. Süphan Mountain Kaçkar Mountain Ağrı Mountain • Reduction in snow water equivalent is 20 mm over the high plains of eastern Anatolia and the eastern part of the Black Sea mountains • %97 of the glaciers at the Ağrı, Cilo, Süphan and Kaçkar mountains melted within the 107 years of time scope • The glaciers at Erciyes ve Aladağlar are totally disappeared Cilo Mountain

14. Climate Change and Basins Simulation Study by Dokuz Eylül University Nearly 20% of surface water in the study areas will be diminished by the year 2030 Source: First National Communication of Turkey on Climate Change, 2007

15. Predictions of Hadley Centre Model UKMO/DETR. Climate Change and Its Impacts, Stabilisation of CO2 in the Atmosphere, United Kingdom Meteorological Office and Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (UKMO/DETR), the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Bracknell, 1999

16. Vulnerability BLACK SEA REGION Temperature:Decrease in winter temperature Precipitation:Increase in fall precipitation Snow Level:Reduction in snow water equivalent Number of Metropolitan Municipalities: 1 EASTERN REGION Temperature: Increase in winter temperature Precipitation:Increase in fall precipitation Snow Level:Reduction in snow water equivalent Number of Metropolitan Municipalities:3 AEGEAN AND MARMARA REGION Temperature: Increase in summer temperature Precipitation: Decrease in winter precipitation Snow Level: No available data Number of Metropolitan Municipalities: 5 CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION Temperature:Decrease in winter temperature Precipitation:Increase in fall precipitation Snow Level: No available data Number of Metropolitan Municipalities: 4 MEDITERRANEAN REGION Temperature:Increase in summer temperature, Decrease in winter temperature Precipitation:Decrease in winter precipitation Snow Level: No available data Number of Metropolitan Municipalities:3 • Adaptation capacity? • Comprehensive vulnerability analysis is needed

17. Climate Change Impact on Urban Water Reservoirs

18. Impact of Climate Change on Urban Water Reservoirs • Climatic conditions: Increased evaporation, surface profile of reservoirs and increased temperatures, • Water Management: Consumption and saving attitudes of urban communities; management practices of authorities, • Miscalculation of storage or consumption values.

19. Existing Efforts for Adaptation in Urban Water Management • Demand management • Supply management

20. Demand Management

21. Examples to Campaigns TEMA-NGO WWF-Turkey İzmir Greater Municipality

22. Examples of Water Loss and Leakages Prevention Projects

23. Supply Management

24. Examples of Water Transfer Projects İSTANBUL 180 km ANKARA 125 km KONYA PLAIN Blue Tunnel Project 169 km

26. Best Practices The Water Services Regulation Authority (OFWAT) in England and Wales OFWAT (economic regulator) Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Welsh Assembly Government; the Consumer Council for Water, the Drinking Water Inspectorate Monitor regulate Better service Water Companies Customers • Sets performance indicators • Total leakage • Risks and droughts • Water efficiency • Declare results to customers • Penalties • Incentives • Water efficiency campaigns • Leakage investment • Supply pipe repairs • Improve transfer capacity of the network • ...

27. Recommendations Priority 1. Development of an Integrated Strategy for Adaptation • Establishment of a Decision Making Body • National Adaptation Plan and Strategy • Capacity Building • Local Level Planning for Adaptation • Data Management and Access to Information • Measuresand technological solutions • Public Awareness Priority 2. Balancing Water Supply and Demand

28. Thank you for your attention yunus.arikan@rec.org.tr hande.ozut@rec.org.tr gulcin.ozsoy@rec.org.tr