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Radio and Canadian Recording Industry

Radio and Canadian Recording Industry. MIT2000. Canadian Radio Eras:. Towards Federal Involvement, ca. 1900-1932 Golden Age (Public Radio), 1932-1955 Challenge of Television, 1955-1970 Local Radio Competition, 1970-present. Radio as Mass Medium (1930s/40s).

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Radio and Canadian Recording Industry

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  1. Radio and Canadian Recording Industry MIT2000 MIT 2000 Recording History

  2. Canadian Radio Eras: • Towards Federal Involvement, ca. 1900-1932 • Golden Age (Public Radio), 1932-1955 • Challenge of Television, 1955-1970 • Local Radio Competition, 1970-present MIT 2000 Recording History

  3. Radio as Mass Medium (1930s/40s) • Emphasis on Evening broadcasts (drama, variety) • Heterogeneous audiences • US shows/stations popular (‘Amos n’ Andy’) • CBC is only network MIT 2000 Recording History

  4. Challenge of TV, 1950s • Radio Audiences: • national to local • mass market to market segmentation • Advertising: National to Local • lower cost • local retailers (auto dealerships) MIT 2000 Recording History

  5. Radio Adapts • Radio Programming: • Mixed Format to Single Format • Format Programming • Specific demographics • Teens • DJ/ Rock Music formats MIT 2000 Recording History

  6. Music Format Radio • Cheap promotion for recording industry • Cheap content for broadcasters • Music: national/global • audiences/advertising: local • Society to Segment-making Media MIT 2000 Recording History

  7. AM to FM • Share of Listening: • 1968: 6% FM • 2000: 65% FM • Stereo: better transmission • Post-1980s: AM • saturated • poor reception MIT 2000 Recording History

  8. Listening Changes • In-home to out-of-home (50-50 today) • Evening to Daytime • Mobile listening • transistor radio • car radios • suburbanization • Public (CBC) to private • Listening (early 2000s) : Private (85); CBC (8); US (4); community/campus (4) MIT 2000 Recording History

  9. Canadian Content Regulations • Commercial Radio; AM/FM • 1970-98 (30%) • popular music selections in broadcast week • 1998: 35% • 35% from 6AM to 6PM, Mon-Fri • Goals: • cultural • industrial MIT 2000 Recording History

  10. Defining Canadian ContentMAPL System Require minimum 2 of: • M –music: composed entirely by CDN • A -artist: performing piece is CDN • P -production: recorded or performed wholly in Canada; broadcast live in Can. • L –lyrics written entirely by Canadian MIT 2000 Recording History

  11. CANCON/MAPL: Exceptions • Recorded before 1972 (+ one of MAPL) • Instrumental performance of piece composed by CDN • Live/recorded after Sept 1, 1991 and CDN has 50% credit as composer/lyricist • (“Bryan Adams exemption”) MIT 2000 Recording History

  12. Canadian Recording Industry (Straw) • “Branch Plant” era (1950s-60s) • press/distribute • dependent on US firms (Capitol Records, etc.) • Musicana, Regal, Phonodisc MIT 2000 Recording History

  13. End of Branch Plant Era (1960/70s) • horizontal/vertical integration • “distribution oligopoly” • harder for CDN independents to compete MIT 2000 Recording History

  14. “Branch Plant” Case Study • Quality Records, 1950- • 20% market late 1970s • license US songs/albums • lose CDN rights for multinationals • company collapses, sells assets • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8dipfD8-ww • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCl1zhKWZq8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeKdIWSc6DU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87-YRcphLC8 MIT 2000 Recording History

  15. “National” Era, 1970s/1980s • Manufacturing to Talent • Original content • multinationals for CDN distribution • CDN Independent Record Production Association (1975-) MIT 2000 Recording History

  16. National-Era Recording Labels • Aquarius, 1968- • concert-booking, local recording • April Wine • True North Records, 1970- • talent manager owner • Bruce Cockburn, Murray McLaughlin • Anthem Records, 1977- • Rush’s production company as owners MIT 2000 Recording History

  17. Case Study: National Era • Attic Records, 1974-99 • Diverse markets/ genres • Discover talent Teenage Head (late 1970s) “Picture My Face” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oc_wy8KNVXQ MIT 2000 Recording History

  18. Case Study: National Era • License CDN performers for foreign markets • Patsy Gallant (“From NY to LA”) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haZCnt_SVgM (1976) • The Nylons • Distribution: foreign multinationals • Back Catalogues MIT 2000 Recording History

  19. National Era: Summary • Creative Side • Multinationals for stability • National Musical “Canon” • Cockburn, M. McLaughlin, Lightfoot • Back catalogue profits • Lobby for govt subsidies, CANCON MIT 2000 Recording History

  20. Blue Rodeo/CDN Identity • Golden Era, 1980s-90s • Political Economy • Anti-Americanism • “Piranha Pool” (1987) • “God and Country” (1989) MIT 2000 Recording History

  21. Blue Rodeo/CDN Identity • Canadian Stories • “Fools Like You” -Meech • CDN places, symbols • “Western Skies” • “Hasn’t Hit Me Yet” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRM7QAZ3IxI MIT 2000 Recording History

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