1 / 52

American Revolution

American Revolution . Causes, effects, battles . Road to the Revolution . Most Americans are proud to be British Salutary Neglect – Wapole 1713-1763 Whig and Prime Minister – believed in leaving the colonies alone Why Produce more wealth, commerce and less friction

niveditha
Download Presentation

American Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. American Revolution Causes, effects, battles

  2. Road to the Revolution • Most Americans are proud to be British • Salutary Neglect – Wapole 1713-1763 • Whig and Prime Minister – believed in leaving the colonies alone • Why • Produce more wealth, commerce and less friction • Brits job was to provide peace, protection commerce and send more immigrants • Left to protect themselves against Natives

  3. Road to the Revolution • Had to effectively organize and become self=reliant • 13 separate governments emerged –undermine the authority of parliament • Why • Local government able to deal with local needs • Get used to dealing with our own affairs w/out Brits interfering

  4. Road to the RevolutionProtests • Paxton Boys – 1764 • Revolt against Quaker leniency regarding Natives Policy • 20 peaceful Natives are killed, march on Philadelphia demanding better representation, protection against the Natives on the frontier and funds for internal improvements

  5. Road to Revolution Protests • Regulator Movement 1771 • Eastern farmers in N Carolina frustrated with Brits taxes, inadequate representation of western farmers in assembly, legislation favors wealthy planters • Lasted 3 years

  6. Road to the Revolution • Mercantilists System – colonies existed for benefit of the mother country • Colonies add to wealth • Provide ships, sailors, trade • Raw materials—tobacco ,indigo ,lumber fish • Eliminates need Brits to buy supplies other countries

  7. Road to the Revolution First Law • Navigation Law-- • Purpose was to enforce mercantilism • Motive: restricted commerce to and from colonies “enumerated” articles like tobacco had to go to England –ONLY!!!!!!!!! • Even if price higher somewhere else • All goods going to American had to go to England first

  8. Road to Revolution restrictions • Molasses Act 1773– heavy taxes on molasses ,rum, sugar imported from French Caribbean • Colonists traded with French West Indies • Some Rum was produced in American and traded for slaves –New England heavily involved in slave trade • Until 1763 mercantilism did not impact colonial economy • Colonies protected by Brits free of charge • Colonies profit from manufacturing and trading

  9. Road to the Revolution • Mercantilism hinder colonies manufacturing • South has a major problem—(enumerated) • VA - --poor economic conditions leads to unrest • NE mad because Southern colonies get better treatment ---why?

  10. Road to the RevolutionRegulation • Writs of Assistance – search warrants harass colonial shippers • Aimed to smuggling – (illegal triangular trade) • 1761– James Otis –demands repeal • Parliament refuses –efforts spread throughout colonies – “no taxation without representation”

  11. Road to Revolution End of Salutary Neglect • 1763– George Greenville enforces Navigation Acts • Ability to try smugglers, tax evaders, ship owners, --no trial by jury • Debts from Seven Years War enormous • Half the debt due to protecting the colonies • Brits want colonists to pay for maintaining British troops

  12. Road to the Revolution • King George III –wanted to increase control over colonies • Proclamation of 1763--- colonials cant move West of Appalachians • Prevent future uprisings from Natives • Colonists react: veterans fought in French and Indian war betrayed, land speculators believed should be able to access land, colonists ignore it

  13. Road to the Revolution • Currency Act 1764--- printing colonial paper money restricted • Want the colonists to pay back debt with gold and silver • Sugar Acts – 1764– First Act Passed to raise revenue for the colonies • Regulate illegal triangular trade by collecting duties that the colonists had not paid for many years • Reduced taxes on Molasses but taxes all of it not • Not enforced effectively –duties lowered after Stamp Act

  14. Road to the Revolution • Quartering Act – 1765– certain colonies required to provide food and quarters for British troops

  15. 3 Main Crises American Revolution • Stamp Act– purpose was to raise revenue to support new military force in the colonies • Official stamps serve proof of payment • Greenville– (local authority for the King) • Stamp Act was reasonable • Required them to pay fair share for colonial defense

  16. Causes of the American Revolution • Virginia Resolves– (lead by Patrick Henry) • VA leaders –stamp act attacked colonists rights as Englishmen • 5 of 7 were adapted by House of Burgesses • VA could only be taxed by VA --- • No taxation without Representation • 8 other colonial assemblies passed similar resolutions

  17. Causes of the American Revolution • Difference between Legislation and Taxation • Legislation =external taxes which of right of parliament –tariffs • Taxation – internal taxes right of the local government • Greenville--- responds with “virtual representation”

  18. How will the colonists deal • Stamp Act Congress – 1765—27 delegates from 9 colonies • Draw up statement of rights and grievances and demanded it be rescinded • Ignored in England –did not really matter in colonies • What is the significance --- • Non-importation agreement against British Goods – hurt brits but did not change

  19. Dealing with the Brits • Sons of Liberty – Sam Adams • Violently enforce non importation agreements • Tarring and feathering, vandalized, • Forced agents to resign • 1766 Stamp Act will be repealed

  20. Brits Get Even • Declaratory act – • To say “we still have power” • Parliament has the right to tax in the future • Sugar tax lowered • Townsend Acts – 1767 – • Punish for uprising • Duty placed on glass, paper, paint, silk, tea

  21. Colonial Reaction • Raise Revenue ! ---NO WAY!!!!!!!!!! • John Dickinson –Letters From A Pennsylvania Farmer • Cant raise revenue off of our taxes • Massachusetts Circular Letter • Try to get colonies together to repeal

  22. What is Next!!!!!!!!!! • Brits send troops • Threaten to dissolve legislature • Anyone who supported it –dissolve legislature • VA, MS MA DE SC – all support • Boston Massacre

  23. Boston Massacre • Peaceful arrival of troops in Boston • Colonists are fearful of standing armies • Thought they were there to suppress liberties • March 5 1770– Brits fire on crowd (provoked) • Crispus Attucks –first to die in revolution • Propaganda exaggerated event • Spreads throughout colonies

  24. Now What!!!!!! • Townsend Acts repealed • Why • Pressure from colonies • Non importation agreements hurting British manufacturing • Did keep tea tax • Half troops are removed

  25. Gaspee Incident --1771 • British warship ran aground near RI pursing smugglers • Ship had reputation for stealing from colonists • Sons of Liberty– dress as Indians take crew off and set it on fire • Gaspee Commission --- seeks retribution • Cant find them

  26. Committees of Correspondence • Colonial discontent –Brits try to enforce Navigation Laws • Sam Adams – get people angry • Organizes committees –Nov 1772 • Function was to spread propaganda • Interchange letters in order to keep opposition alive • Inter colonial groups that emerge will be First American congresses

  27. Angry Colonists • Tea Act 1773 • British East India Tea Co--- granted monopoly • Price of tea will be lower even with the existing tax • Colonists see it as a trick • Trick is to get the colonists to accept tax through cheaper tea --- • Boston Tea Party --- 1773

  28. INTOLERABLE • Intolerable/Coerecive Acts – 1774 passed to punish Boston • Boston Port Act ---harbor closed until damages paid • Massachusetts charter revoked --- • Forbade town meetings • Quartering Act

  29. What do the French have to do with it • Quebec Act 1774– not meant to punish colonies • Allows for French in Canada to keep “frenchness” – • Colonies --- view it as attempt to create a French threat • View it as attack on Protestants

  30. First Continental Congress • 1774 Committees of Correspondence –act quickly against Intolerable Acts • Bostonians –end all trade with Brits invites other colonies • First CC – 12 of 13 colonies are there • Adams, (Sam and john) Washington and Patrick Henry • Suffolk Resolves– denounce intolerable acts, want colonists organize militia, want all trade suspended

  31. First Continental Congress • Main purpose it to redress grievances • Declaration of Rights • Gave them legal right to assemble • Bill of Rights – established the structure for the Declaration of Independence (preamble, list of grievances, mutual pledge • Called for no importation, no exportation, no consuming • Restated allegiance to the King –just want things fixed • Declare to meet again!!!!!

  32. And the Battle Begins • The Shot Heard Round the World • Lexington and Concord • Ordered to arrest General Gage(new gov of Mass) • Arrest leader of rebellion and prepare • April 1775– 700 Redcoats sent • Seize gun powder and arrest Adams and Hancock • Paul Revere warns militia

  33. Shots were Fired • Minutemen refuse to leave • Concord – Brits forced to retreat by American reinforcements

  34. British Strengths • Money and best navy • More people 7.5 million to 2.5 million • 20,000 slaves Carolinas and GA join Brits (promise of freedom) • Natives (last hope for keeping land hungry colonists out) • Professional Army –hire hessians to help out • Loyalists in colony

  35. Brits Weakness • Distance (communication) • America—large and hard to occupy • British Generals –poor leaders • Provisions poor • France ---long time enemy

  36. America • Outstanding leadership –Washington • Money from France • Strong belief in their cause –moral advantage

  37. American Weakness • Badly organized • Cont. Congress weak and ineffective • Jealousy among colonies • Little metal money (paper money printed =worthless) • Soldiers deserted economic difficulties • Military supplies – • Militia men unreliable

  38. May 10, 1775 • Second Continental Congress • 13 • Not interested in Independence • Decided to go to war –MOST SIGNIFICANT • Washington will lead • Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms –T. Jefferson • Appeal to King • Set plan to raise army • Olive Branch Petition • Reconsider Intolerable

  39. Battles • June 1775 • Bunker Hill --kill 1000 red coats -- • Run out of gunpowder and forced to leave hill • Brits lost many men – • Considered victory • Bloodiest battle of war • British will state we are in state of REBELLION • Aug 23 1775 • Hessians

  40. Declaration of Independence • How does the loyalty shift • Hire hessians • Freedom for slaves if help Brits • Burning of Norfolk • Paine’s –Common Sense

  41. Common Sense • 1776 • Propaganda • Colonial polices are inconsistent • Independence only course • King was “royal brute” • America had a sacred mission –independent democratic republic • Persuades Congress to go all the way • Could not get aid unless independence

  42. Proposing Independence • June 7, 1776 • Philadelphia – • “Colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states” • July 2 1776 motion adopted • Committee on Independence – T Jefferson, B Franklin, J Adams, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston

  43. Declaration of Independence • 3 Parts • Preamble – influenced by John Locke • States rights of colonists to break away – • Life liberty pursuit of happiness (property) • All men are equal • 27 grievances • Significance is foreign aid

  44. Patriots and loyalists • Adams : 1/3 Patriots 1/3 loyalists 1/3 neutral • Loyalists are Tories 20 percent • Older, wealthier, more educated • Patriots • Whigs • Numerous in New England • Minority movement • Robert Morris “financier of Revolution”

  45. Battle of Saratoga • Most important battle • Sought to capture New York • Make possible French aid (which will determine our independence) • Spanish and Dutch will enter as well –England faced with world war • Saratoga will revive the cause

  46. Valley Forge 1777-1778 • Supplies scarce food clothing • Baron von Stueben – whip us into shape • Demonstrate American resolve under bad conditions • Crisis letters read here to encourage moral

  47. Is there a traitor among us • Yep --- Benedict Arnold • 1780 tremendous blow to American morale • Does not like way he is treated • Washington persuades him to make him head of West Point • Plots to sell out the strong hold of West Point (Hudson River) • Plot is discovered

  48. 1777—How will we govern • John Dickinson • 2 CC creates Articles of Confederation • First Constitution last until – 1789 when Constitution is adapted • Powers: conduct wars, handle foreign relations, secure loans, borrow money • CAN NOT: regulate trade, conscript troops, levy taxes

  49. Our Ally • French • Marquis de Lafayette – helps get aid for us • Declaration will ensure it • Treaty • We would have independence • Wage war until it is won or until both agree to terms

More Related