By Chun-Lung Lim Jay Hatcher Clay Harris

1. Robot Control By Chun-Lung Lim Jay Hatcher Clay Harris

2. Definition of a Robot • Definition of a Robot According to The Robot Institute of America (1979) : "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks." • According to the Webster dictionary: "An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human (Webster, 1993)."

3. A Brief History of Robotics • Robotics' history is tied to so many other technological advances that today seem so trivial, we don't even think of them as robots. • How did a remote-controlled boat lead to autonomous metal puppies?

4. Nikola Tesla • Croatian-American scientist Nikola Tesla. • Invented many things, including the alternating current system. • Remote-controlled, submersible boat was acting on radio signals.

5. Slaves of steel • The first person to use the word robot was a playwright, Czechoslovakian writer Karel Capek first used the word robot in his satirical play, R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). Cover page of the first edition

6. Wartime inventions • World War II was a big catalyst in the development of two important robot components: artificial sensing and autonomous control. • The U.S. military created auto-control systems for mine detectors that would sit in front of a tank as it crossed enemy lines • The Germans developed guided robotic bombs that were capable of correcting their trajectory. German robot bomb found in France

7. Calculators and computers • John Atanassoff built the world's first digital computer. • In 1946 the University of Pennsylvania completed the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator), a massive machine made up of thousands of vacuum tubes. But these devices could only handle numbers. • The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) would be the first device to deal with letters. ENIAC computer

8. A robot in every pot • The invention of the transistor in 1948 increased the rate of electronic growth and the possibilities seemed endless. • The creation of silicon microchips reinforced that growth. • The seven-foot robot could smoke and play the piano. Elecktro the smoking robot

9. Industrial-strength arms • 1961 General Motors installed the applied telecherics system on their assembly line. The one-armed robot unloaded die casts, cooled components and delivered them to a trim press. • In 1978 the PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) was introduced and quickly became the standard for commercial telecherics. PUMA industrial robot

10. Early personal robots Hero 1 RB5X

11. Arms in space From breadboard to on-board: small components were assembled and tested innumerable times before the final product was mated to the shuttle in 1981 (NASA) The Canadarm -- Canada's Hand in the Sky (NASA)

12. Surgical tools • In 1985 Dr. Yik San Kwoh invented the robot-software interface used in the first robot-aided surgery, a stereo tactic procedure. • The surgery involves a small probe that travels into the skull. • A CT scanner is used to give a 3D picture of the brain, so that the robot can plot the best path to the tumor. Dr. Yik San Kwoh with surgical robot

13. The Honda Humanoid

14. Hazardous duties • Dante II aids in the dangerous recovery of volcanic gases and samples. • These robotic arms with wheels saved countless lives defusing bombs and investigating nuclear accident sites. Telecheric robot inspects suspicious package

15. Solar-powered insects • Mark Tilden's BEAM robots look and act like big bugs. • Tilden builds simple robots out of discrete components and shies away from the integrated circuits most other robots use for intelligence. • Started in the early 1990s, the idea was to create inexpensive, solar-powered robots ideal for dangerous missions such as landmine detection.

16. A range of rovers • Sojourner, semi-autonomous robot platforms to be launched into Mars in 1996. • The problem was, it could only travel short distances. • In 2004, twin robot rovers caught the public's imagination again, sending back amazing images in journeys of kilometers, not meters. Mars rover

17. Entertaining pets • In the late '90s there was a return to consumer-oriented robots. • One of the real robotic wonders of the late '90s was AIBO the robotic dog, made by Sony Corp. • By using sensor array, AIBO can autonomously navigate a room and play ball. AIBO takes a spill

18. Siggraph 2005 – Los Angeles • Quasi can make responses based on guest input and can recognize speech patterns, track faces, detect proximity, dispense candy and even perform a karaoke duet. • Softwares includes Alias Maya, BAT and so on. Quasi - Carnegie Mellon University

19. Android My beloved…. Repliee Q2

27. Hawk Digital System

33. Robot Project: Prototype Robot Exhibition 2005

34. Network robotics, RT middleware (9 projects) • Robot with advanced auditory capabilities for human interaction • Companion robot that follows individuals by multimodal interaction • Multitask robot system that utilizes intelligent information infrastructure • Hyperrobot that serves people by integrating single-task domestic robots • Errand robot • Seven-degree-of-freedom double-arm unit and double-arm mobile robot • Superdistribution and combination robot system utilizing wireless links • Content-oriented robot that uses robot content • Environmental robot

35. Experiential robots (7 projects) • Robot that decorates ceramic tableware and drinkware • Portrait-drawing robot • Partner robot with artificial tongue • Future science encyclopedia and multifingered haptic interface robot • Mutual telexistence robot that utilizes retroreflective projection • Robot for encountering the microscopic world • Cyberassist meister robot

36. Outdoor skilled-work robots (7 projects) • Boarding robot for roaming natural landscapes • Ubiquitous robot • Caddy robot • Search and contaminant recovery robot for response to nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism • Manually controlled heavy-duty robot to assist rescue operations • Robot that searches through rubble

37. Special-environment robots(9 projects) • Robot that evaluates duct interiors by impact-elastic waves • Pacemaker robot for marathons • Golden Shachihoko robot • Autonomous snow-plowing robot to support life in snowy regions • Super-high-speed batting robot that can hit fastballs of up to 160 kph • Amphibious snake-type robot • Acrobatic airship robot • Data gathering double-kite-type robot, humanoid robot for a comfortable lifestyle • High-performance flying robot

38. Medical and welfare robots(10 projects) • Emergency rescue robot • Superdetail human body robot for medical skills training • Three-dimensional visual perception and display apparatus for office, home, and medical robots, and microhand for medical and surgical use • Remote microsurgery robot • Six-degrees-of-freedom robot for rehabilitation of upper limbs including wrists • Handicap-assistive barrier-free robot interface system with high learning ability • Semiautonomous robot system for self-care by disabled people • Wearable robot for musclular support: Muscle suit for upper limbs • Power augmentation robot • Robot suit to assist human movement

39. Partner robots (8 projects) • Canine robot as a mobile platform that exhibits high physical capabilities outdoors in urgent situations • Android that interacts with people and nature • Cooperative framework for heterogeneous robots • Physical communication robot to cheer up children • Robot for scenario research that is capable of authoring • Next-generation communication robot • Communicating heterogeneous robots • Dance partner robot

40. Performance robots (6 projects) • Six-legged walking robot that uses reinforcement learning (autonomous development of motion control) • Self-configurable modular robot • Artistic robot • Limb mechanism robot • Three-leg wheeled type robot • Crawling and jumping soft robot

41. Humanoid robots (7 projects) • Humanoid probe robot • Interaction middleware for humanoid robots • Software that generates impact motions for the HRP-2 robot • Animatronic humanoid robot • Musculoskeletal humanoid robot with a large-degree-of-freedom flexible spine • Humanoid robot for research on dynamic motion • Bipedal humanoid robot as a simulator of human motion

42. References: • http://www.robotics.utexas.edu/rrg/learn_more/history/ • http://www.msnbc.com/modules/robot_history/ • http://www.thelightningguy.com/tesla.htm • http://capek.misto.cz/obrazky/divadlo/theater.html • http://www.mlc-engineering.com/rb5x01.htm • http://www.honda.co.jp/robot/movie/ • http://www.cooltoolawards.com/hardware/Humanoid.htm • http://www.tomshardware.com/site/videos/index.html • http://www.ed.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/development/Humanoid/ReplieeQ2/ReplieeQ2_eng.htm • http://www.motionanalysis.com/applications/movement/sports/hawksystem.html • http://www.expo2005.or.jp/en/robot/robot_project_02.html • Paper : Generating Natural Motion in an Android by Mapping Human Motion