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Scald Prevention

Scald Prevention. American Burn Association Burn Prevention Committee. Scald Prevention. The following questions will be addressed: Who are the victims of scald burns? How do scald injuries occur? How can scald injuries be prevented? What are the appropriate first aid responses?.

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Scald Prevention

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  1. Scald Prevention American Burn Association Burn Prevention Committee

  2. Scald Prevention • The following questions will be addressed: • Who are the victims of scald burns? • How do scald injuries occur? • How can scald injuries be prevented? • What are the appropriate first aid responses?

  3. Scald Prevention Objectives • Describe the severity of a scald burn injury • List the major causes of scald burn injury • Demonstrate initial understanding of appropriate first aid for a scald burn • List and identify scald burn injuries by age and group • List scald burn prevention strategies

  4. What is a Scald? • Scalds result from the destruction of one or more layers of the skin due to contact with hot liquid or steam

  5. Scald Prevention • 1.5 - 2 million burns occur annually in the US and Canada • Scalds account for 75% of all burns in children under 4 years of age

  6. Scalds - High Risk Groups • Elderly • People with physical or mental challenges

  7. Scald Prevention - Young Children • Nearly 24,000 children are treated in hospital emergency departments every year for scald injuries* • Skin is thinner - results in deeper burns • lower temperature • shorter contact *Source: National SAFE KIDS

  8. Scald Prevention - Young Children • Have little control over their environment • Less perception of danger • Lack ability to escape a burning situation on their own

  9. Scald Prevention - Older Adults • Have thinner skin • Decreased ability to feel heat due to medical conditions or medications • Prone to falls in the bathtub, shower or while carrying hot liquids

  10. Scald Prevention - Special Needs • Mobility impairments • slow or awkward movements • muscle weakness • fatigue • slower reflexes • Increased risk of spills while moving hot liquids • Decreased ability to remove themselves from hot tap water

  11. Scald Prevention - Special Needs • Sensory impairments • inability to feel heat • Changes in intellect, perception, memory, judgement or awareness may hinder a person’s ability to recognize a dangerous situation

  12. Scald Prevention • Most injuries occur in two specific areas of the home • kitchen • bathroom

  13. Scald Prevention

  14. Scald Prevention • Functions of skin • Protection • Prevention • Regulation • Sensation

  15. Superficial (first degree) burns Causes: sunburn, minor scalds heals in 3-5 days with no scarring Characteristics minor damage to the skin pink to red painful skin is dry without blisters Burn Characteristics

  16. Superficial /first degree

  17. Partial thickness (second degree) burns damages, but does not destroy, top two layers of skin heals in 10-21 days Characteristics skin: moist, wet and weepy blisters present bright pink to red Burn Characteristics

  18. Partial thickness / second degree

  19. Full thickness (third degree) burns destroys all layers of the skin may involve fat, muscle or bone will require skin grafts Characteristics bright red dry - no blisters waxy white tan or brown insensate Burn Characteristics

  20. Full thickness / third degree

  21. Extent/Percent of Injury

  22. Emergency Burn Care • Primary Survey • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Secondary Survey • head-to-toe

  23. Emergency Burn Care • History • Immediate measures to save a life • Cool • Cover • Carry

  24. Scald Burn - Causes • Tap water • Food and hot beverages • Steam

  25. Scalds - Kitchen Hazards • Pots and pans • Microwave ovens • Hot liquids • Coffee • Baby bottles

  26. Food and Beverage Related Scalds These cooking methods can cause serious burns in less than 1 second

  27. Coffee Scald

  28. Coffee Scald

  29. Scalds - Bathroom Hazards • Hot water heater settings • Unsupervised child

  30. Tap Water ScaldsTime and Temperature Relationship

  31. Tap Water

  32. Scald Prevention - Bathroom • Reduction of hot water heater temperature • Install tempering or anti-scald devices • Never leave a child unattended • Turn valve off in the “cold” position

  33. Scald Prevention - Hot Water Heater • Turn water heater down to 120o F. or 48o C. • Always run cold water first, then add hot water • Always supervise children in the bathroom

  34. Tap water - shower

  35. Scald Prevention - Kitchen • Pots and pans • turn handles back away from the stove edge • Microwave • stir and test foods before serving • do not use to heat baby bottles • Cooking appliances • cords coiled and away from counter edge

  36. Grease

  37. Pressure cooker

  38. Scald Prevention - Hot Liquids • Establish a safety zone around cooking appliances • Use non-slip placemats instead of tablecloths • Do not place hot liquids on low tables • Supervise children at all times

  39. Potpourri pot

  40. Scald Prevention - Hot Liquids • Never let children carry containers of hot liquids • Never hold a child while working next to a stove or other cooking appliance • coffee pot, fry pan, microwave oven, etc.

  41. Coffee

  42. Scald Prevention - Conclusion

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