Consciousness Sleeping, Dreaming, and More

1. ConsciousnessSleeping, Dreaming, and More

2. Did you know... • World Record – Longest period of time a human has intentionally gone without sleep (no stimulants) • Randy Gardner (1964) 17-years old • 264 Hours (11 days) • Health was monitored – negative cognitive & behavioral changes were reported

3. Facts • Although some people insist they NEVER dream, research suggests EVERYONE dreams during the night • In sleep labs, people wakened from REM periods report 80-100% were dreaming w/ vivid & colorful images (even bizarre)

4. “Sleeping on it” seems to provide the clarity we need to piece together life’s puzzles. But how? • While you sleep, your brain works • Sleep: strengthens memories & selects which memories are worth keeping

5. Consciousness • Different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts & feeling (i.e. states of awareness)

6. Continuum of Consciousness

7. SLEEP • HOW MUCH SLEEP DO I NEED? • Humans spend approx 1/3 of life asleep • Sleep is largely related to biological clocks and circadian rhythms but how much sleep we get is often determined by the environment and 24-hour clock we follow.

8. Biological clocksare internal timing devices that are genetically set to regulate various physiological responses for different periods of time • Tells you when to eat, sleep, wake-up, etc.

9. Circadian rhythmrefers to a biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24 hours • Ex. plants that open up and close during a day Studies found that humans circadian clock is naturally set to 24 hours, 18 minutes. Although sunlight helps reset the clock everyday, it would still function without it.

11. Circadian Rhythm Disorder Causes • Time zone change (Jet lag) • Shift work • Medication, Drugs, Alcohol • Stress Effects of disrupting Circadian Rhythm • Weight gain • Impulsive behavior • Slowed thought processing

12. Stages of Sleep • The distinctive changes in the electrical activity of the brain & the accompanying physiological responses of the body that occur as you pass through different stages of sleep • EEG (Electroencephalogram) records brain waves; frequency (speed) & amplitude (height)

13. Stages of Sleep NREM NREM NREM NREM REM

14. There are two (2) major types of sleep REM sleep, which stands for rapid eye movement is one type of sleep. During this time our eyes move very rapidly in all directions inside the eye sockets. This is the time when we will dream. Roughly 20-25% of sleep time REM sleep remains for about 15 to 45 minutes then passes into non-REM sleep Your voluntary muscles are paralyzed.

15. Very vivid dreams can occur. Each REM will last longer than the previous one, and each period will increase in length as the night progresses. Dreams that you remember are those that occurred closest to the morning because they are the longest and come at a time when you are almost awake.

16. NREM sleep. This stands for non-rapid eye movement and is the other type of sleep. where you spend approximately 75- 80% of your sleep time Divided into 4 stages (first four) Decreases in length as nights’ sleep progresses. Night terrors occur Sleepwalking and talking occur.

17. Morning Person or Night Owl? • Genetics play a role • Higher IQ linked to night owls • Night owls tend to be less reliable, more emotional, and more likely to have problems with addiction • Morning people may perform better in school

18. How much sleep do I NEED?

19. Why do I sleep?

20. What if I miss sleep? • Effects on the BODY: • Immune system: body’s defense against viruses & toxins; • Increases levels of stress hormones • Disrupts metabolism • Effects on the BRAIN: • Irritability, unhappiness, can cause hallucinations, moodiness • Interferes w/ tasks requiring concentration (ex: recalling & recognizing)

21. Sleep Problems & Treatment

22. Sleep Problems & Treatment

23. Texting and sleep • 2010 Research – Average teen sends more than 100 texts per day • Major cause of sleep deprivation in teens • Texts may awaken you and decrease sleep • Playing games on your phone before bed can prevent sleep • Study showed that 77.5% of teens that text or surf web at night have trouble falling asleep • Can cause mood, behavior, and cognitive problems during the day including ADHD, anxiety, depression

24. DREAMS

25. FREUD’S THEORY OF DREAM INTERPRETATION “censor” protects us from threatening thoughts by transforming our secret, guilt-ridden and anxiety-provoking desires into harmless symbols that appear in our dreams and do not disturb our sleep or conscious thoughts

26. Extensions of Waking Life • Dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears, concerns, problems, and emotions that we have when awake

27. HYPNOSIS Hypnosis is a state of consciousness that involves being in a relaxed state with a heightened ability to focus on specific things, while ignoring usual distractions.

28. Suggestion is a basic part of hypnosis. Hypnosis is a state that helps a person focus attention on certain objects, acts, or feelings. Hypnosis is an intense form of relaxation with the person fully conscious.

29. Meditationis a form of self-control in which a person can cut off the outside world.

30. Drugs • Effect Consciousness • Distort perception • Change moods • Cause to see or hear things • Studies found • Marijuana is most frequently used illegal drug • 42.3% of 12th graders have tried Marijuana • Marijuana effects brain – impairs short-term memory, perception, judgement, motor skills

31. Drugs • National Institute of Drug Abuse study (2011) on high school students found • Daily Marijuana use at it’s highest since the early 80’s • In some measures, marijuana use is ahead of cigarette smoking • 21.4% of 12th grade students used marijuana in the last 30 days • After marijuana, prescription drugs 2nd most abused • Alcohol use and binge drinking has steadily declined (53.4% in 2009 to 47% in 2010)

32. Drugs: TERMS • Psychoactive drugs - Chemicals that affect or nervous system &, as a result, may alter consciousness & awareness, influence how we sense & perceive things, & modify our moods, feelings, emotions, & thoughts, include: • Addiction - Person has developed a behavioral pattern of drug abuse • Overwhelming & compulsive desire to obtain & use drug • Even after stopping—person has strong tendency to relapse & use again

33. Drugs: TERMS • Tolerance - After a person uses a drug repeatedly over a period of time, original dose of drug NO longer produces the desired effect, so a person must take increasingly larger doses of drug to achieve same behavioral effect • Dependency - Change in the nervous system so that a person now NEEDS to take the drug to prevent the occurrence of painful withdrawal symptoms • Withdrawal Symptoms - Painful physical & psychological symptoms that occur after a drug-dependent person stops using drug

34. Types of Drugs • Depressants: Slow Activity of nervous system • Alcohol • Narcotics (morphine, heroin, codeine) • Narcotics – means “numbness” or “stupor”

35. Types of Drugs • Stimulants: increase the activity of the nervous system • Speed up breathing and heart rate • Elevate mood, increased feeling of well being – caffeine = legal drug • Nicotine • Amphetamines • Help you stay awake or reduce appetite • Cocaine

36. Types of Drugs • Hallucinogens: Produce hallucinations • May cause relaxation or feelings of pleasure • Marijuana • LSD