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1. art is personal expression (14 mention)（個人情感表達、art is 我）:

1. art is personal expression (14 mention)（個人情感表達、art is 我）:. (~ creativity as a democratic idea- see Thierry de Duve). ”I like America and America likes me” Joseph Beuys (1974). “How to explain pictures to a dead hare” Joseph Beuys (1965).

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1. art is personal expression (14 mention)（個人情感表達、art is 我）:

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  1. 1. art is personal expression(14 mention)（個人情感表達、art is 我）:

  2. (~ creativity as a democratic idea- see Thierry de Duve)

  3. ”I like America and America likes me” Joseph Beuys (1974)

  4. “How to explain pictures to a dead hare” Joseph Beuys (1965)

  5. 2. art is communication, for the society and humanity; for the communal enjoyment （為社會、與人溝通......）(12):

  6. “Ways of seeing “ John Berger “death of the author” Roland Barthes

  7. Marx and ideology-critque

  8. Frankfurt school

  9. 3. art has no boundary and absolute freedom （無限制）(6):

  10. “art for arts sake” intrinsic vs. extrinsic value

  11. 4. art is for cultivating taste and personality （修心養性、陶冶性情）(4)

  12. moral perfection (~ Bourdieu “cultural capital)

  13. - (~ Schiller: play, freedom and the moral perfection of citizens) 蔡元培：以美育代宗教說(1917) www.tjarts.edu.cn/tj%20arts/word/1/17.doc； (~ 陳雲：「不義也是品味問題」，《明報》．世紀，2010年12月。http://www.siuding.com/2010/12/by_30.html )

  14. 5. art doest not relate to money (3): (see Marx) but also see this:

  15. 6. art is about ideas (1):

  16. the Latin word 'Lars' and its relation to technique

  17. Lucy Lippard: dematerialization

  18. ”One and Three Chairs” Joseph Kosuth (1956) (~ Hegel: spirit)

  19. 7. art is beauty (1):

  20. art & beauty “The Artists's Shit ” Piero Manzoni (1961)

  21. relativism and usefulness

  22. 8. art is about newness (1): - novelty, authenticity, creativity and newness: - art has to pursue newness is an Avant guard idea, relatively “new” - but how can one know something is new, one may require guesswork as well as mature judgment; recognition of innovation is usually made in retrospect. (Negus & Pickering p. 9-10) - in search for novelty is market term- which presume short-term market cycles and other new items will rapidly succeed the previous, i.e. “consumer aesthetics”- in pursuit of novelty in a fetishistic form; “compulsory obsolescence” - shortened life-span of designed products (N & P p. 10) (see more, go to my other course on “creativity”. )

  23. So that's what we shall have to look at: Definition: 1. what is art (meaning system) & 2. who is an artist (social system); 3. critique (value system/ aesthetics) Reference: Osborne, Richard & Dan Sturgis (2006) Art Theory for beginners. New Hampshire. (O p. x) Negus, Keith and Michael Pickering: "Creation", Creativity, Communication and Cultural Value, London, Sage, 2006, pp.1-21. (N & P p. 10) (see more, go to my other course on “creativity”. )

  24. On education: 1. David Mollin (2010) “The Governing of Appropriateness”. - professional ethics of art- the art school and the art world as a circulation of discourses ; “the criteria for judging work in art school is the point wher art schools a trying to judge a good artwork in the art school as closely as possible to what they consider a good artwork in the art world [...] And this is what the art school needs to do, while at the same time appeasing management, in order to adhere to and apply professional ethics of the discourse/ art profession.” (p.3) 2. Thierry de Duve (1994) “ When Form has become attitude- and beyond” in Kocur, Zoya & Simon Leung. (2005) Theory in Contemporary Art Since 1985. Malden, MA : Blackwell, pp. 19-31) - art education old and new model: talent vs. creativity; metier (technique) vs. medium; imitation vs. invention; - crisis (?) : talent and creativity vs. attitude; meiter and medium vs practices; imitation & invention vs. deconstruction

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