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UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK. Cold-Water Coral Reefs. UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI)
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UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK Cold-Water Coral Reefs
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK • Final draft from the authors: • Consultation and revision by supporting organizations: • Announcement at • World Environment Day: • Printing: Timeline mid April 2004 April/May 2004 4/5 June 2004 23 June 2004
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK CONTENTS Executive summary 1. INTRODUCTION • 2. DESCRIPTION AND DISTRIBUTION • Corals occurring in cold-water environments • Cold-water coral ecosystems • Coral reefs • 3. ECOLOGY • Depth range • Temperature and salinity limits • Nutrition and food sources • Growth rates and longevity • Reproductive and molecular ecology • Predation and parasitism of corals • Reef framework growth and coral bioerosion
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK CONTENTS,continued • 4. THREATS • Commercial bottom trawling and other bottom fishing • Hydrocarbon exploration and production • Cable and pipeline placement • Bioprospecting and scientific research • Other pollution • Waste disposal and dumping • Coral exploitation and trade • Upcoming threats • 5. CURRENT STATE • Atlantic Ocean • US Atlantic and Pacific waters • Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK CONTENTS,continued • 6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS • Coral ecosystems as a biological and economic resource • Stimulating the development of new technologies • Education and outreach 7. GAPS IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE 8. INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS ON COLD-WATER CORAL REEFS
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE • MANAGEMENT OF COLD-WATER CORAL ECOSYSTEMS • Information management and research (5) • Monitoring and assessment (4) • Regulations and measures (11) • General (1) • Types of regulations and measures (4) • Stakeholder involvement (4) • Enforcement and compliance (2) • International coordination and awareness (4) • Σ 24 CONTENTS,continued ANNEXES
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK Global Distribution
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK Bottom Trawling
UNEP Coral Reef Unit (CRU) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK Information Material Flyers CD ROM French Spanish English web site http://www.unep-wcmc.org/press/cold-water-coral-reefs