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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Respiratory Notes. The main function of the respiratory system is to transport gases…. between the environment and the cardiovascular system. There are 2 main components of the respiratory system:.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System

  2. Respiratory Notes The main function of the respiratory system is to transport gases…. between the environment and the cardiovascular system.

  3. There are 2 main components of the respiratory system: • External Respiration: Exchange of gases between atmosphere and the blood • Internal Respiration: Exchange of gases between blood and cells of the body

  4. The site of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood is the lungs. So, how does air get from the atmosphere to our lungs? Passage of Air 

  5. Mouth or Nose • Hairs filter out particles

  6. Nasal Cavity • Warms and moistens air • Cilia trap particles, swept into throat (w/ mucus)

  7. Pharynx • Tube with passageways for both food (esophagus) and air (trachea) • When food is swallowed, epiglottis (flap of cartilage) presses down and covers trachea • When air is taken in, epiglottis is up and allows entry into trachea

  8. larynx Trachea • Cartilaginous tube • Cilia-lined, sweep particles into throat • Larynx at upper end--voice box

  9. right bronchi left bronchi Bronchi • Two main branches off of the trachea • Each lead to a lung (right or left)

  10. Bronchioles • Smallest branches • Each branch into sacs of alveoli

  11. Alveoli • Clusters of tiny air sacs • Alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries • Gas exchange occurs here • Each lung contains 3 million alveoli…750 sq. feet total surface area!

  12. II. Gas Exchange Once air is inside of the lungs, gases are exchanged between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries

  13. Gas Exchange

  14. Oxygen… • In the lungs,O2 diffuses from alveoli into the bloodstream (due to concentration gradient) • 97% binds to hemoglobin • One molecule can carry 4 O2’s • In the body, O2 diffuses from capillaries into nearby tissues

  15. Carbon Dioxide… • In the body,CO2 diffuses from tissues into capillaries • 25% binds to hemoglobin • The rest travels in the plasma in some form • In the lungs, CO2 diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

  16. Breathing Mechanism  • Inspiration • Air enters the lungs • Rib muscles contract, rib cage expands • Diaphragm moves down • Increased volume in thoracic cavity draws air in

  17. Breathing Mechanism  • Expiration • Air exits the lungs • Rib muscles relax, rib cage relaxes • Diaphragm moves up • Decreased volume in thoracic cavity forces air out

  18. Breathing Mechanism  • Regulation • Brain and brain stem monitor CO2 levels in the blood • While conscious, we can override control (holding breath, swimming)

  19. Inhalation & Exhalation…..

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