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Italian National Contact Point European Migration Network

Practical measures for Reducing Irregular Migration Main findings of the Italian study Paris 2 9 Novem ber 2011. Italian National Contact Point European Migration Network. Italy, a former emigration country , nowadays hosts 4,500,000 regular migrants .

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Italian National Contact Point European Migration Network

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  1. Practical measures for Reducing Irregular Migration Main findings of the Italian study Paris 29November 2011 Italian National Contact Point EuropeanMigration Network

  2. Italy, a formeremigrationcountry, nowadayshosts 4,500,000 regular migrants. But Italy isalsoanimportantgateforirregular and unauthorizedmigrationflows • Geographicfactors: • proximity with less developed and unstable areas • extension and accessibility of sea borders • intermediary position-”gate” to Europe • Economic factors • underground economy • structural demand for foreign workers (mainlylow-skilled)

  3. Eurostat statistics

  4. National approachlookingfor a balancebetweenfavouring regular migration and combatingirregularflows PRE-ENTRY • Interventionsinthirdcountries • Development cooperation • Informationcampaigns • Framework cooperation agreements concerning employment • Quotasystem - migrationflowsplanning • Police-cooperation

  5. The quota for non seasonal workers is divided in two sub-categories: 1.Quota reserved for specific work-sectors (for instance: autonomous work, domestic works, etc.) 2.Preferential Quotas (PQ) for third countries, who have signed a readmission agreement with Italy.

  6. Incidence: Preferential Quota (PQ)

  7. The Albanian Case In ‘90s flowswerenotmanaged and Italy fearedaninvasion (R. King’s “albanophobia”) First decade 2000: Overhalfmillionofresidents (settlement). Still high migrationpressure, butnowadaysflows are managed Improvedpopularperception (“albanophilia”) End of 2010: Financial crisisrepercussion on building sector Severalthousandscouldnotrenew the stay permit. Ismufoundationestimates 50/60 thousandsirregulars (Jan 2010)

  8. Pre-entry practical measures Police cooperation (from Alba mission to the present trainings) Development cooperation (4° ODA beneficiary in 2009) Information campaigns (Uams, at consulates, etc) Support to Albanian Strategy for Migration (2005) Training abroad to facilitate integration in the annual quotas (2008) Employment oriented agreement (signed in 2008, renewed in 2011) Ministry of labour coordination office (since 2011) Readmission agreement (1997) and Privileged Quotas (1998) Despite very effective efforts, it’s still valid the need of competent policies to reduce irregular migration

  9. Conclusions • The case of Italy shows that irregular migration can be channeled into regular paths and a positive integration in the society and labour market can be achieved; • However, regular channels not always exhaust irregular flows as shown by the several regularizations that took place in Italy; • It is difficult to draw conclusions in such a complex period, but an exhaustive overview on practical measures implemented by MSs represents a necessary starting point: and this is the role of the EMN.

  10. Thank you for your attention! Italian National Contact Point EuropeanMigration Network

  11. Practical measures to reduce irregular migration PATHWAYS OUT OF IRREGULARITY • Regularisations • Assisted Voluntary Return

  12. Number of migrants granted legal status, by area of origin

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