Restructuring the fragmented Gauteng City Region: Could smart shelters be the answer?

1. Restructuring the fragmented Gauteng City Region: Could smart shelters be the answer? Stephanie Terwin – Architect & Urban Designer GAPP Architects and Urban Designers 9 July 2019

2. Cities are often built along high-capacity public transport, thus increasing opportunities at points of accessibility.

3. Cities are often built along high-capacity public transport, thus increasing opportunities at points of accessibility. The Gauteng City Region (GCR) is not built along high-capacity public transport.

4. Cities are often built along high-capacity public transit, thus increasing opportunities at points of accessibility. The Gauteng City Region (GCR) is not built along high-capacity public transport. Instead, apartheid spatial planning and planning for the motor car has resulted in road dominated andspatially dislocated urban development.

5. Cities are often built along high-capacity public transit, thus increasing opportunities at points of accessibility. The Gauteng City Region (GCR) is not built along high-capacity public transport. Instead, apartheid spatial planning and planning for the motor car has resulted in road dominated andspatially dislocated urban development. Residential suburbs have little economic base, and commuters spend time and money on public transport.

6. Trains have reached capacity; there is limited mass transit.(Helen Suzman Foundation, 2018).

7. The minibus taxi industry has established due to the sprawling urban form, carrying 32% of national commuters, although the industry receives no commuter fare subsidy funding. (NHTS, 2013)

8. Taxis stop at important commercial / civic buildings, and key road intersections within the desire lines between home and work.

9. Commuters spend time in queues…

10. And walk expansive distances in the dark.

11. Bus shelters have no spatial relevance. Timetable information is archaic. No integration between transport modes – timetables & ticketing Detracting to private vehicle users

12. Transport Planning has focussed on BRTs, resulting in high capital expenses and subsidies, coupled with low ridership. Infrastructure, time & cost intensive (Venter, I – UP Transport, 2018) Yet the informal taxi industry reaches majority of commuters within the urban sprawl and expansive road network.

13. If affordable, private car use is the preferred means of transportation, currently at 44% (Gauteng). (NHTS, 2013) Desperate households purchase a car at a low household income of R11 000. (GHTS, 2014)

14. This is not sustainable going forward. There is a need to act with urgency and democratise the playing field for city inhabitants.

15. This presentation will look at: • MACRO LEVEL • How to restructure the dislocated GCR, by looking at an implementable transit solution; • Moving away from BRTexclusive transport planning, looking at multi-modal transport planning; • Reviewing the minibus taxi operation, using informal stopping locations, as clues for intervention.

16. This presentation will look at: • MACRO LEVEL • How to restructure the fragmented Gauteng City Region, by looking at an implementable transit solution; • Moving away from BRTexclusive transport planning, looking at multi-modal transport planning; • Reviewing the minibus taxi operation, using informal stopping locations, as clues for intervention. • MICRO LEVEL • Solution to the lacking commuter infrastructure; • Looking at urban acupuncture as an approach, and examples of smart city applications.

17. This presentation will look at: • MACRO LEVEL • How to restructure the fragmented Gauteng City Region, by looking at an implementable transit solution to the expansive road network; • Moving away from BRTexclusive transport planning, looking at multi-modal transport planning; • Reviewing the minibus taxi operation, using informal stopping locations, as clues for intervention. • MICRO LEVEL • How to provide a solution to the lacking commuter infrastructure; • Looking at examples of smart city applications. • POTENTIAL SOLUTION • Smart Shelters as a physical and smart supportive structure; • Stichthe City Region together, using the expansive roads; • Integrated timetables, ticketing • Home to work routes • Safety and security – street lighting, cameras. • Wayfinding functions – smart screens • Transit Stop catalyticto surrounding business growth

18. MACRO STATUS QUO OF THE GAUTENG CITY REGION

19. Gauteng Province • Economic hub of South Africa • 45% of national GDP • 14,7 million people since gold was first discovered in Johannesburg in 1886. NORTHWEST TO POLOKWANE • CITY OF TSHWANE NATIONAL ROAD GAUTRAIN GAUTENG PROVINCE N1 N3 N4 N1 N4 N17 N12 N12 • CITY OF JOBURG N14 • EKURHULENI MPUMALANGA • WEST RAND • SEDIBENG 0 25km 50km 75km 100km TO CAPE TOWN TO DURBAN FREE STATE

20. Gauteng Province within a region of surrounding economic towns • Sasolburg, Rustenburg, eMalahleni Gauteng City Region NORTHWEST BRITS RUSTENBURG • CITY OF TSHWANE PRETORIA MIDDELBURG MIDRAND NATIONAL ROAD GAUTRAIN GAUTENG PROVINCE ECONOMIC TOWN EMALAHLENI N4 N4 N3 N1 N1 N12 N17 N12 KRUGERSDORP • CITY OF JOBURG N14 • EKURHULENI MPUMALANGA • WEST RAND JOHANNESBURG SPRINGS BETHAL • SEDIBENG EYANDER HEIDELBURG VANDERBIJLPARK POTCHEFSTROOM KLERKSDORP 0 25km 50km 75km 100km SASOLBURG FREE STATE

21. Gauteng Province within a region of surrounding economic towns • Sasolburg, Rustenburg, eMalahleni • Infrastructure, movement and economic networks Gauteng City Region NORTHWEST BRITS RUSTENBURG • CITY OF TSHWANE PRETORIA MIDDELBURG 100km MIDRAND NATIONAL ROAD GAUTRAIN GAUTENG PROVINCE ECONOMIC TOWN EMALAHLENI • CITY OF JOBURG N4 N4 N3 N1 N1 125km N12 N17 N12 KRUGERSDORP N14 • EKURHULENI MPUMALANGA • WEST RAND JOHANNESBURG SPRINGS BETHAL 75km EYANDER HEIDELBURG • SEDIBENG VANDERBIJLPARK POTCHEFSTROOM KLERKSDORP 0 25km 50km 75km 100km SASOLBURG FREE STATE

22. Spatial inefficiency: • Density on outskirts of economic activity • Job-Housing mismatch • Commuting costs time and money • High infrastructure costs - water, sewer, waste, electricity, transport • Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption Population Density • CITY OF TSHWANE NORTHWEST PRETORIA • CITY OF JOBURG MPUMALANGA • EKURHULENI • WEST RAND 110km ORANGE FARM • SEDIBENG 0 25km 50km 75km 100km FREE STATE

23. Spatial inefficiency: • Density on outskirts of economic activity • Job-Housing mismatch • Commuting costs time and money • High infrastructure costs - water, sewer, waste, electricity, transport • Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption Economic Activity NORTHWEST MPUMALANGA BUSINESSES/SQ/KM 0 25km 50km 75km 100km FREE STATE Afrigis Bizcount, GCRO 2011

24. Home to work commuting ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR TOTAL VEHCILES NORTHWEST TRANSPORT 57% MPUMALANGA 0 25km 50km 75km 100km FREE STATE Afrigis Bizcount, GCRO 2011

25. Municipalities within Gauteng NORTHWEST MPUMALANGA 0 25km 50km 75km 100km FREE STATE

26. Municipal borders restrictive to cohesive planning • Distinct spatial planning - MSDFs, RSDFs, LSDFs, Precinct Plans, UDF’s – and Transport Planning. Municipal SDF’s within Gauteng NORTHWEST MPUMALANGA 0 25km 50km 75km 100km FREE STATE

27. Extensive policy, but progress on implementation? Gauteng Spatial Development Framework. 2011 NORTHWEST MPUMALANGA 0 25km 50km 75km 100km FREE STATE

28. KEY QUESTION 1: • How to stich together the spatially inefficient and spatially dislocated city region? • To become more spatially efficient, • Regarding infrastructure costs, energy consumption and • The job-housing mismatch • E-Gov Gauteng, and Smart Cities, Joburg • Does the technology offer a potential solution to cohesive and systemized planning. • Implementation is recorded. • Enabling city / citizen interface?

29. JOHANNESBURG WITHIN THE GCR

30. Railway formed a backbone to Central Business District (CBD) & mining activity 20km 15km 10km KRUGERSDORP 5km WESTGATE ROODEPOORT FLORIDA BENONI CBD BOKSBURG NORTH • CBD APEX GERMISTON CITY DEEP BOKSBURG

31. Apartheid spatial planning and planning for the motor car has resulted in road dominated and spatially dislocated urban development FOURWAYS THEMBISA COSMO CITY SUNNINGHILL IVORY PARK KYA SAND RIVONIA WOODMEAD NORTHGATE STRYDOMPARK LASER PARK RANDBURG MALBORO MODDERFONTEIN N14 N1 N3 N1 N3 SANDTON ALEXANDRA M1 LONGMEADOW ORT AIRPORT WESTGATE CRESTA WYNBERG CONSTANTIA ROSEBANK ROODEPOORT EASTGATE PARKTOWN UNIVERSITY BOKSBURG • CBD ELDORADO PARK CITY DEEP SOUTHCREST SOUTHGATE ELDORADO PARK

32. Settlements are displaced, Large residential suburbs on the periphery of the urban core have little economic base DIEPSLOOT 20km MIDRAND THEMBISA 15km 10km SANDTON KEMPTON PARK N14 N1 N3 N3 N1 40km M1 ROSEBANK 30km 40km • CBD • CBD 20km SOWETO 40% CoJ population • Residents spend time and money on public transport

33. HIGHWAY MAIN ROADS LOCAL ROADS GAUTRAIN EXISTING RAILWAY REA VAYA BRT N1 Transportation N12 • GAUTRAIN MIDRAND FOURWAYS THEMBISA COSMO CITY IVORY PARK R25 WOODMEAD R24 N17 SUNNINGHILL KYA SAND RANDBURG BRYANSTON RIVONIA NORTHGATE • HIGHWAY STRYDOMPARK SANDTON ALEXANDRA LASER PARK MALBORO MODDERFONTEIN N14 N1 N3 N3 N1 • RAILWAY N12 CRESTA KRUGERSDORP KEMPTON PARK M1 SEBENZA GREENSTONE WESTGATE WYNBERG EDENVALE ROSEBANK CONSTANTIA ROODEPOORT MEADOWVALE JET PARK KILLARNEY FLORIDA PARKTOWN BRUMA UNIVERSITY BENONI CBD • BRT JHB CBD BOKSBURG NORTH R29 APEX • CBD GERMISTON BOKSBURG CITY DEEP ORLANDO ORMONDE WADEVILLE SOUTHGATE NASREC PROTEA GLEN DEVLAND JABULANI ELDORADO PARK ALBERTON BARA PANORAMA KLIPTOWN

34. Flexibility and efficiency Integration? Ave travel time = 55 mins

35. NO CAR CAR Household vehicle ownership Income disparity; inequality Car ownership higher among high income households

36. MIXED USE INDUSTRIAL To the contrary, mixed use and industrial activity, has established over time, such as Roodepoort, Randburg, Rosebank, Sandton and Baragwanath. DIEPSLOOT MIDRAND FOURWAYS THEMBISA IVORY PARK WOODMEAD SUNNINGHILL KYA SAND RANDBURG BRYANSTON RIVONIA NORTHGATE STRYDOMPARK SANDTON ALEXANDRA LASER PARK MALBORO MODDERFONTEIN N14 N1 N1 N3 N3 CRESTA KRUGERSDORP KEMPTON PARK M1 SEBENZA GREENSTONE WESTGATE WYNBERG EDENVALE ROSEBANK CONSTANTIA ROODEPOORT MEADOWVALE JET PARK KILLARNEY FLORIDA PARKTOWN BRUMA UNIVERSITY BENONI CBD JHB CBD BOKSBURG NORTH APEX • CBD GERMISTON BOKSBURG CITY DEEP ORLANDO ORMONDE WADEVILLE SOUTHGATE SOWETO 40% CoJ population NASREC PROTEA GLEN DEVLAND ELDORADO PARK ALBERTON BARA PANORAMA

37. Rise in internet access, Disrupts traditional space requirements, for employment & education, Opportunities closer to home. Rise in internet access Anywhere - 72% Cellphone - 63% N14 N1 N1 N3 N3 M1 At home - 15%  General Household Survey (GHS), 2016

38. POLICIES AND PLANS

39. HIGHWAY MAIN ROADS LOCAL ROADS GAUTRAIN EXISTING GAUTRAIN FUTURE REA VAYA BRT Transportation combined policies and plans • GAUTRAIN • ORT AIRPORT TO LANSERIA MIDRAND FOURWAYS THEMBISA SUNNINGHILL COSMO CITY IVORY PARK KYA SAND BRYANSTON RIVONIA STRYDOMPARK WOODMEAD NORTHGATE MALBORO RUIMSIG MODDERFONTEIN RANDBURG HONEYDEW N14 N1 N1 N3 N3 • RAILWAY SANDTON ALEXANDRA KRUGERSDORP KEMPTON PARK M1 SEBENZA GREENSTONE WESTGATE CRESTA WYNBERG EDENVALE CONSTANTIA ROSEBANK MEADOWVALE ROODEPOORT JET PARK KILLARNEY • PROPOSED GAUTRAIN FLORIDA PARKTOWN BRUMA UNIVERSITY BENONI CBD • BRT JHB CBD BOKSBURG NORTH APEX GERMISTON • Corridors of Freedom BOKSBURG CITY DEEP ORLANDO ORMONDE NASREC JABULANI ALBERTON BARA WADEVILLE SOUTHGATE DEVLAND KLIPTOWN PROTEA GLEN ELDORADO PARK PANORAMA • HIGHWAY

40. Integrated public transport network (IPTN) – JHB Recreated figure MIDRAND FOURWAYS THEMBISA SUNNINGHILL COSMO CITY IVORY PARK KYA SAND BRYANSTON RIVONIA STRYDOMPARK WOODMEAD NORTHGATE MALBORO RUIMSIG MODDERFONTEIN RANDBURG HONEYDEW N14 N1 N3 N1 N3 SANDTON ALEXANDRA KRUGERSDORP KEMPTON PARK M1 SEBENZA GREENSTONE WESTGATE CRESTA WYNBERG EDENVALE CONSTANTIA ROSEBANK MEADOWVALE ROODEPOORT JET PARK KILLARNEY FLORIDA PARKTOWN BRUMA UNIVERSITY BENONI CBD JHB CBD BOKSBURG NORTH APEX GERMISTON BOKSBURG CITY DEEP ORLANDO ORMONDE NASREC JABULANI ALBERTON BARA WADEVILLE SOUTHGATE DEVLAND KLIPTOWN PROTEA GLEN ELDORADO PARK • Public transport ‘grid,’ • Connects key mixed use nodes and dense residential areas (CoJ, 2013) • Transit Oriented Development Policy • Corridors of Freedom Policy PANORAMA

41. KEY ISSUE 2: • Ibrahim Seedat - DoT public transport policies director  • “We don’t have any BRT in South Africa,” • “We only have two cities kind of operating a partial Phase 1.” • “lack of scale, or ridership” • Tobie Pretorius - National Treasury City Support Programme consultant • “In 2009, BRTs were the flavour of the month. • Cities need to design plans with quality bus services and minibus taxis, and not only BRT,” • “IPTN planning is not BRT planning.” • Christo Venter – UP Transport Development • “Subsidies and operating costs have been rising sharply since 2012, while fares have remained flat.” Venter, I. No longer flavour of the month, SA rethinks its bus rapid transit systems. Engineering News. 27.08.18.

42. KEY ISSUE 2: • BRT is cost, time and infrastructure intensive – low ridership • Taxis service the demand within the expansive road network • - flexible • Clue towards potential short / to medium term solution. • Demonstrated in: • IPTN plan for strategic nodes and corridors

43. MICRO SCALE: PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMMUTER INFRASTRUCTURE

44. MICRO SCALE: PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMMUTER INFRASTRUCTURE Spatial relevance Wayfinding Safety Efficiency

45. Spatially irrelevant No timetable information No street lights, security Busses are inflexible, fixed schedule, fixed route Typical bus shelter

46. Spatially irrelevant No timetable information No street lights, security Busses are inflexible, fixed schedule, fixed route Typical bus shelter

47. Spatially irrelevant Manual, archaic timetable information No street lights, security New bus shelters in Sandton

48. HOW MAJORITY OF SOUTH AFRICANS COMMUTE

49. Demand of commuter traffic. Spatially relevant – informal stopping at civic buildings & intersections On the ground wayfinding information Limited safety at informal stops, Dense network of feeder and linehaul services

50. Demand of commuter traffic. Spatially relevant – informal stopping at civic buildings & intersections On the ground wayfinding information Limited safety at informal stops, Dense network of feeder and linehaul services