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Emotion Expression and Regulation: Neurobiology, Aggression, Fear, Resilience

Explore the biopsychological perspectives of emotional expression, the neurobiology of aggression and fear, and the impact of emotion on health. Learn about theories of emotion, the limbic system, and the role of the amygdala. Discover how resilience and coping strategies affect emotion regulation, and how emotions influence decision making and health.

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Emotion Expression and Regulation: Neurobiology, Aggression, Fear, Resilience

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  1. Chapter 10 Emotional Expression and Regulation

  2. Outline • Biopsychological perspectives of emotional expression • The neurobiology of aggression and fear • Emotional regulation • Emotional temperament and longevity in rats

  3. Emotional Expression • Define emotions as subjective feelings, influenced by activation of CNS/PNS

  4. Emotional Expression • Can you identify all these emotions? • When did you learn them?

  5. Emotional Expression: Microexpressions Would you allow micro-expressions to be used in a court room?

  6. Emotional Expression: nonhumans

  7. Theories of emotion • James-Lange: bodily reactions cause emotional reactions • Cannon-Bard: The brain is drives of emotions • Sham rage • Schachter-Singer: Context-dependent cognitive interpretation of arousal

  8. Theories of emotion

  9. Emotional Expression: Limbic system • Papez’s Circuit • Klüver-Bucy syndrome

  10. Emotional Expression: Amygdala

  11. Emotional Expression • Emotional expression is handled by a network of regions, not a single isolated area • Limbic system • ACC • Insula • Nucleus accumbens • Emotional response affects memory

  12. Neurobiology of fear and aggression • Scientists study fear and aggression more than happy and peaceful behavior • Types of aggression • Reactive-impulsive • Controlled-instrumental

  13. Neurobiology of aggression

  14. Neurobiology of aggression Lesions Reduce Aggression Lesions Increase Aggression • Anterior hypothalamus • Medial amygdala • Bed nucleus of the striaterminalis • Lateral septum • Orbitofrontal cortex

  15. Neurobiology of aggression Testosterone • Produced by the testes • Castration reduces aggression • Watching sports can increase testosterone • Testosterone and violent crime • Fluctuations may be more important than absolute level

  16. Neurobiology of aggression • Is it always adaptive to fight back? • What happens to an animal that always submits to an aggressor? • Dominance hierarchies

  17. Neurobiology of aggression

  18. Neurobiology of aggression • Can we apply results from nonhuman aggression to human aggression? • At what scale? • Between individuals, groups, nations?

  19. Neurobiology of fear • The optimal response to a fearful stimulus depends on the context • High road vs. low road for processing fearful stimuli • Why have a slow system and a fast system?

  20. Neurobiology of fear

  21. Neurobiology of fear: Courage • What kind of acts are courageous? • How can we measure brain activity during such acts of courage?

  22. Neurobiology of fear: Courage

  23. Neurobiology of fear: Courage

  24. Neurobiology of fear: Courage

  25. Neurobiology of fear: Courage

  26. Neurobiology of fear • Fear has survival value • How would your life be different if you were never afraid? • How do we decide how much fear is “appropriate” for a given stimulus in a given context?

  27. Neurobiology of fear: Patient S.M.

  28. Neurobiology of fear: William’s Syndrome

  29. Emotion Regulation • What happens when we experience extended periods of stress? • Studying resilience • Impact of emotion on health

  30. Emotion Regulation: Stress Response

  31. Emotion Regulation: Stress Response

  32. Emotion Regulation: Resilience • Anxiolytic vs. anxiogenic • Coping strategies • Cognitive reappraisal • Emotions and decision making

  33. Emotion Regulation: Resilience

  34. Emotion Regulation: Resilience • Why do people react differently to the same stressful situation? • Can coping styles be trained?

  35. Emotion Regulation: Resilience

  36. Emotion Regulation: Resilience Cognitive reappraisal • Rethinking a situation can change our emotional response • Expressive flexibility • Cool under pressure

  37. Emotion Regulation: Resilience

  38. Emotion Regulation: Resilience Emotions and decision making • When do we tend to make risky decisions? • Somatic marker hypothesis

  39. Emotion Regulation: Impact on Health • Emotional experiences influence health status • Chronic stress: immunosuppression • Acute stress: immunoenhancement • The immune system can be primed via classical conditioning

  40. Emotion Regulation: Temperament

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