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Preventing Pregnancy

Preventing Pregnancy. HPC 3OI. Three ways to prevent or end pregnancy:. Prevention of fertilization of the ovum by the sperm The prevention of the implantation of the blastocyst Chemical or Surgical induction or Abortion of the developing Embryo. Contraception.

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Preventing Pregnancy

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  1. Preventing Pregnancy HPC 3OI

  2. Three ways to prevent or end pregnancy: • Prevention of fertilization of the ovum by the sperm • The prevention of the implantation of the blastocyst • Chemical or Surgical induction or Abortion of the developing Embryo

  3. Contraception • The term contraception is a contraction of contra, which means against, and the word conception, meaning fertilization. • Contraception is the prevention of the sperm reaching a mature egg, therefore preventing pregnancy.

  4. What is the BEST method? • In reality there is no best method. • Each person is different and each of the methods has its pros and cons

  5. Think-Pair- Share: • With the person sitting next to you come up with a list of all of the various forms of birth control that you are aware of.

  6. Birth Control methods are grouped based on how they are used and how they work!

  7. Types of Birth Control: • Continuous Abstinence • Natural Family Planning/Rhythm Method • Barrier Methods • Hormonal Methods • Implantable Devices • Permanent Methods • Emergency Methods

  8. Things to keep in mind: • Even the most effective methods can fail. • Methods must be used correctly and as advised • Possible side effects of your chosen method • Your comfort level • Length of time you want to remain protected

  9. Continuous Abstinence: • This means not having intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral) at any time. It is the ONLY sure way to prevent pregnancy, and protect against sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV. • Abstinence (Minus the word continuous) refers to refraining from having vaginal intercourse.

  10. Natural Family Planning: • Also known as the rhythm method. • This methods is used either when planning for or against having children. • Meaning the woman determines when she is most fertile and avoids those days if she does not want to get pregnant or has unprotected intercourse on those days if she does.

  11. A woman who has a regular menstrual cycle has about 9 days or more each month she is able to get pregnant. • The fertile days are 5 days before and 3 days after ovulation – including the day of ovulation. • To use this method you must record when you get your period, what it is like, and how you feel. • This method also involves checking your cervical mucus and recording your basal temperature daily.

  12. Cervical Mucus = discharge from ones vagina. • Cervical mucus has a variety of consistencies often being a bit thicker and more white. • When it is clear and slippery like raw egg whites a woman is most fertile – this is best checked in the morning. • In addition your temperature will rise 0.4 – 0.8 degrees Fahrenheit on your first day of ovulation.

  13. Barrier Methods: • Are used specifically as their name outlines, to put up a block or barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

  14. Contraceptive Sponge: • A barrier method made of polyurethane foam that contains a spermacide to kill sperm. • Before having intercourse, wet sponge and face loop/ string side down to cover your cervix.

  15. Contraceptive Sponge:

  16. Contraceptive Sponge: • The sponge is effective for more than one act of intercourse, up to 24 hours. • It needs to be left in for at least 6 hours after intercourse to prevent pregnancy. • It must be taken out within 30 hours of being inserted. • Fact: The today sponge is only available in the US and women who are sensitive to spermacide nonoxynol-9 should not use the sponge.

  17. Diaphragm, Cervical Cap/Shield: • Barrier method that blocks the sperm from entering the cervix and reaching the mature egg. • The Diaphragm is a shallow latex cup. • The Cervical Cap is a thimble shamed latex cup. (both of the above come in sizes and you need to see a physician to be “fit” for one) • The Cervical Shield is a silicone cup that has a one-way valve that creates suction against the cervix (only comes in one size).

  18. Diaphragm:

  19. Cervical Cap:

  20. Cervical Shield:

  21. All of the above mentioned barrier methods should be used in conjunction with a spermacidal gel or foam to kill sperm. • They must be left in place for 6 – 8 hours after having sex to prevent pregnancy • Diaphragm should be removed within 24 hours • Cap and Shield within 48 hours.

  22. Female Condom: • This is worn by the woman inside of her vagina. • It prevents sperm from getting inside her cervix. • It is made of thin, flexible man made rubber and is packaged with a lubricant. • It can be inserted up to 8 hours prior to having sex. • Use a new condom each time you have intercourse and do not use a male condom at the same time.

  23. Female Condom:

  24. Male Condom: • Male condoms are a thin sheath placed over an erect penis to keep sperm from entering a woman’s body. • Condoms can be made of latex, polyurethane, or natural/lambskin (natural condoms do not prevent against STI’s) • Condoms work best when used with a vaginal spermacide. • Use a new condom with each sex act.

  25. Male Condoms: • Lubricated, which can make intercourse more comfortable. • Non-Lubricated – used for oral sex acts. • If using non-lubricated for vaginal intercourse it is recommended that you add lubricant (WATER BASED ONLY). • Keep condoms in a cool, dry place. If you keep them in a hot place, or somewhere that gets hot and cold like that car, the latex breaks down making it easier for the condom to break.

  26. Male Condoms: • Most common method because it is inexpensive, prevents STI’s and does not require a Doctor or Prescription to obtain.

  27. Male Condoms: Mistakenly it is believe that most men know how to use a condom correctly. Ineffective use of a condom is the most common cause of failure resulting in pregnancy. Do not use a condom if: • The package is broken. • The condom is brittle or dried out. • The color is uneven or has changed. • The condom is unusually sticky.

  28. Demonstration: • See Pamphlet.

  29. Hormonal Methods: • Prevent pregnancy by interfering with ovulation, fertilization and/or implantation of the egg.

  30. Oral Contraceptives: • The Pill contains the hormones estrogen and progestin (combined pill). It is taken daily at approximately the same time (within 3 hours) to keep the ovaries from releasing an egg. • The pill also causes changes in the lining of the uterus and the cervical mucus to keep the sperm from joining the egg.

  31. Combination Pills • Yaz, Alesse, etc.

  32. Progestin Only Pills: • are contraceptive pills that contain only synthetic progestogens (progestins) and do not contain estrogen. They are colloquially known as mini pills. • These too are taken in the same three hour window daily. • Difference being the amount of hormone in the pills are adjusted without taking any breaks so there are no off weeks.

  33. Progestin Only Pills:

  34. Extended Pills: • These extended cycle pills such as brands like SEASONALE have 12 weeks of pills that contain active hormones with 1 week of inactive hormones. • Women only get their period during the inactive week 4 times a year.

  35. Extended Cycle Pills:

  36. Oral Contraceptives: • Not recommended if: • You are over 35 • Smoke • Have a history of blood clots • Have a history of breast, liver or endometrial cancer

  37. Oral Contraceptives: • Antibiotics reduce how well the pill works (depends on the antibiotic) • Women should wait three weeks after giving birth to begin hormonal birth control. • Speak to your doctor about the length of time you should be off an oral contraceptive prior to becoming pregnant.

  38. The Patch: • Also known by its brand name, Ortho Evra, is a skin patch worn on the lower abdomen, buttocks, outer arm or upper body. • It releases the hormones progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream to stop the ovaries from releasing eggs in MOST women. • It also thickens the cervical mucus which keeps the sperm from joining with the egg. • A new patch is applied every three weeks and is removed for the fourth week in order to have a period.

  39. Shot/Injection: • The Birth Control Shot is often called by its brand name Depo-Provera • This method requires the woman to get a progestin shop in the buttocks or arm every 3 months. • Another type is injected under the skin, stopping the ovaries from releasing an egg and causing changes in the cervix to prevent the sperm from joining the egg.

  40. Depo Provera:

  41. Shot/Injection: • The shot should not be used more than 2 years in a row because it can cause temporary loss of bone density. • The loss increases the longer this method is used. • The bone will re-grow upon stopping usage however there is an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis.

  42. Vaginal Ring: • This is a thin, flexible ring that releases the hormones progestin and estrogen. • It works by stopping the ovaries from releasing eggs. It also thickens the cervical mucus, which keeps the sperm from joining the egg. • It is commonly known by its name brand NuvaRing.

  43. Nuva Ring:

  44. Vaginal Ring: • The ring is worn for three weeks at a time and then is removed for a week so menstruation can occur.

  45. Implantable Devices: • Devices that are inserted into the body and left in place for at least a few years. • Intrauterine Devices or IUD’s are in a small device shaped like a “T” that is implanted in the uterus. • There are two types:

  46. Copper IUD: • Releases a small amount of copper into the uterus which prevents sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg. • If fertilization does occur the IUD keeps the fertilized egg from implanting in the lining of the uterus. • Needs to be placed by a doctor and can stay in for 5 to 10 years.

  47. Hormonal IUD: • It is sometimes called an intrauterine system. • It releases progestin into the uterus to prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg and causes the cervical mucus to thicken. • Also affects the ability of a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. • A doctor has to place a hormonal IUD. • It can stay in for 5 years.

  48. Permanent Birth Control Methods: • Sterilization Implant: the first non surgical method of sterilizing a woman. A thin tube is used to thread a tiny spring like device through the vagina and uterus in each fallopian tubes stops the egg and sperm from joining. • It can take 3 months for the scar tissue to grow and back up method should be used during this time. A doctor must test to see if scar tissue has blocked the tubes.

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