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Protein Structure

Protein Structure. Dr Maha Al- Sulaimani Department of Biochemistry College of Sciences. Protein Domains. Proteins are usually made of domains. Domains are more than 50 amino acids long. It’s common to find these together: A regulatory domain. A binding domain. A catalytic domain.

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Protein Structure

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  1. Protein Structure DrMaha Al-Sulaimani Department of Biochemistry College of Sciences

  2. Protein Domains • Proteins are usually made of domains. • Domains are more than 50 amino acids long. • It’s common to find these together: • A regulatory domain. • A binding domain. • A catalytic domain.

  3. From a Gene to a Functional Protein • DNA genes get transcribed into mRNAs. • mRNAs are translated into proteins. • Proteins often need to be matured before becoming active. • Matured proteins must be transported to their destination: • Cell nucleus. • Mitochondria or other organelle. • Periplasma (bacteria). • Secreted outside the cell. • The protein is functional when it reaches the place where it has to work (just like you and me)!

  4. Protein Maturation Maturation can involve: • Removal of some fragments. • Chemical modifications. • Phosphorylation. • Addition of lipids or sugars (glycosylation).

  5. The Swiss-Prot Database • Entries describe all proteins that have known functions. • Small, non-redundant database: 100,000 entries. • All entries are annotated manually. • Most accurate database for protein function. • Access Swiss-Prot at www.expasy.ch.

  6. Some Important Resources forMetabolic Pathways • www.genome.ad.jp/kegg • KEGG is the most extensive database of metabolic pathways . • You can use it to compare species.

  7. Some Databases of Protein Structures • www.rcsb.org/pdb • The database of protein structures.

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