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Australia in Asia and the Pacific

Australia in Asia and the Pacific. Physical Geography. Definitions. Relief Landform Topography. Plains. Areas of lowlands with gentle slopes and low hills Sometimes associated with river systems Alluvial soil deposited during flooding of rivers over centuries produces rich, fertile soil

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Australia in Asia and the Pacific

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  1. Australia in Asia and the Pacific Physical Geography

  2. Definitions Relief Landform Topography

  3. Plains • Areas of lowlands with gentle slopes and low hills • Sometimes associated with river systems • Alluvial soil deposited during flooding of rivers over centuries produces rich, fertile soil • Majority of people live here • Support intensive agriculture

  4. Examples Indo-Gangetic Plain Kanto Plain

  5. Structural Plains Example: Inner China • No deposits of alluvial soil • Severe climate • No potential for agriculture

  6. Hill Lands/Uplands • Moderate elevation • India and China hill lands are plateaus • Most productive agricultural land consists of pockets of alluvium along the valley floors • China south of Yangtze River mainly hill lands

  7. Example India

  8. Mountains and Plateaus • Main areas are around Pakistan and India • Ranges radiate from Pamir Mountains in northern Pakistan and Afghanistan • Continue south easterly direction through SE Asia, Indonesia and PNG • World’s highest mountain: Everest 8848m, 93 other mountains over 7300m

  9. Mountains and Plateaus • Soil is shallow and will not grow enough crops to support a lot of people • Scattered, isolated villages • Broken by deep river valleys • Mountains act as a barrier to movement and communication, divide countries from each other and form a natural line of defence

  10. Examples

  11. Rivers • Focus of human settlement • Deposits of alluvium created favourable conditions for intensive agriculture • Outside of main rivers catchments are generally too small to create extensive flood plains • Rivers act as international boundaries, transport routes, irrigation water

  12. Examples Mekong Cambodia

  13. Deltas • Triangular shaped area of land at the mouth of a river with large deposits of alluvium

  14. Examples Ganges River Delta - Bangladesh

  15. Islands • Many countries that consist solely of islands, eg: Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, New Zealand, Pacific islands • Travelling between islands difficult • Goods and people transported by boat • Isolation

  16. Examples

  17. Pacific Islands Melanesia • Islands lie along edge of Australian tectonic plate • Made from fragments of land that were once part of Gondwana Polynesia • Islands are result of volcanoes that have risen from a hot spot on the sea floor • Surrounded by coral reefs

  18. Example Bora Bora French Polynesia

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