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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an injury to the spinal cord that results in temporary or permanent changes in the spinal cord's normal motor, sensory, or autonomic function. People who sustain a spinal cord injury often have permanent and profound neurologic deficits and accompanying disability.
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Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with problems related to the nervous system. The word neuro means nerve and nervous system, problems affecting the nervous system are commonly known as Neurological Problems. Some neurological problems are congenital (present from birth), some are genetic (hereditary) and others due to sudden injury or illness, such as a stroke or head injury, or cancer in the brain or spine. These neurological problems may lead to permanent neuro spine disability or paralysis.
Spinal cord injuries can be divided into two types of injury – complete and incomplete: A complete spinal cord injury causes permanent damage to the affected area of the spinal cord. Paraplegia and Tetraplegia are results of complete spinal cord injuries. Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury An incomplete spinal cord injury is one in which the spinal cord is partially impeded and is caused by a spinal cord bruising, a partial severance of the spinal cord, pressing something against the spinal cord, stretching, or even having bone fragments or otherwise affecting it. These types of incomplete spinal cord injuries can result in lessened sensory or motor functions below the injury site on the spinal cord. However, with these types of spinal cord injuries, SCI (Spinal Cord Injury) survivors may recover some function over time depending on their medical history. Complete Spinal Cord Injuries In a complete spinal cord injury, the affected area of the spinal cord is permanently damaged. Complete types of spinal cord injuries indicate a complete lack of sensory functions below the injury locations on the spinal cord. Additionally, a spinal cord injury may be referred to paralysis as: Tetraplegia is an injury that affects all four limbs in addition to the torso, which is also commonly known as quadriplegia. These injuries typically occur from high-level damage and affect the cervical spinal cord. In Paraplegia, function in the lower extremities is affected, which is also known as partial paralysis. Types of Spinal Cord Injuries
Spinal cord injuries can cause widespread and sustained brain inflammation that leads to progressive loss of nerve cells, with associated cognitive problems and depression, researchers have found for the first time. A traumatic spinal cord injury occurs from a traumatic blow to your spine which may be a fracture, dislocates, compresses one or more of your vertebrae. It may occur from a knife wound or gunshot that penetrates and cuts your spinal cord. Additional damage usually occurs after days/weeks because of bleeding, inflammation and fluid accumulation around your spinal cord. A non traumatic spinal cord injury can occur by arthritis, cancer, inflammation, infections or disk degeneration of the spine. Recovery from a spinal cord injury may take long-term hospitalization and rehabilitation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize fractured bones, relieve the pressure on the injured area, and to manage any other injuries. However, yet there is no other way to reverse damage to an injured spinal cord.