1914-1918: The World at War

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.Chappaqua, NY

2. Causesof theWar

3. What caused World War I? • Nationalism • Militarism • Imperialism • Alliances

4. What alliances divided Europe in 1914? • Triple Entente (Allies) • France, Britain, Russia • Triple Alliance (Central Powers) • Germany, Austria-Hungry, Italy

5. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

9. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

10. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

12. What diplomatic crises sparked the war? • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Austria declared war on Serbia • Due to extensive alliances numerous other countries were brought into the war (domino-like effect)

13. The“Spark”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

17. Who’s To Blame?

18. What characteristics describe trench warfare during WWI? • Double parallel system of trenches that are divided by no man’s land • Rat infested, muddy = soldiers developing illnesses • Trenches protected by barbed wire & machine guns

19. Trench Warfare

20. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

21. What motivated those who opposed America entering the war? • Pacifists – believed war was evil • Socialists – believed war was a capitalist & imperialist struggle • Many Americans did not believe US should be involved in a war in Europe\ • Did not won’t their sons to experience horrors

22. What motivated those who favored the US entering the war? • Immigrants had ties to former homelands • Economic reasons

23. What factors increased American sympathy for the Allies? • Stronger Economic ties to Allies • Spread of British Propaganda that told stories of German atrocities (later proved false)

24. Why did the German threat to sink all ships …? • Because Germany was making an act of aggression against the US and the US was technically a neutral country • Sinking of the Lusitania had already turned public opinion in the US against Germany

25. What did the Zimmerman note reveal about Germany’s plans? • Showed Germany was planning an alliance with Mexico if the US declared war

26. AmericaJoinstheAllies

27. The Sinking of the Lusitania

28. The Zimmerman Telegram

29. 11. How did the arrival of new American troops affect the spirit of Allied troops? • Troops brought fresh enthusiasm

30. 12. Who led the American troops in Europe? • General John J. Pershing

31. The YanksAre Coming!

32. Americans in the Trenches

33. 13. What new weapons were used during WWI? • Machine guns • Airplanes/Airships • Poison Gas • Tanks

34. The War of theIndustrial Revolution:NewTechnology

35. French Renault Tank

36. British Tank at Ypres

37. U-Boats

38. 10. What is the significance of the convoy system? • Provided protection for US ships • Cut shipping losses in half by 1917

39. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

40. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

41. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

42. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

43. The Zeppelin

44. FlameThrowers GrenadeLaunchers

45. Poison Gas Machine Gun

46. 14. How many people died during WWI? • 22 million • Note: 20 million more were wounded • Note: 10 million became refugees • Note: war cost about $338 billion

47. World War I Casualties

48. 15. How did the war affect the U.S. economy? • Wages rose • Prices rose • Government gained more control • Big businesses benefited • Labor unions were hurt

49. 16. How did the government finance the war? • Raised about 1/3 through taxes • 2/3 through bonds (loans)

50. 17. How did the government build support for the war? • Propaganda agency • Posters, movies, speeches, booklets