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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Review…. Recall what was the goal of photosynthesis? GLUCOSE! Why do plants need to make glucose? Think ENERGY!. So what happens to glucose?. Plants and animals use glucose to make energy…. This process is called…. Celluar Respiration!. Definition:.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Review… • Recall what was the goal of photosynthesis? • GLUCOSE! • Why do plants need to make glucose? • Think ENERGY!

  3. So what happens to glucose? • Plants and animals use glucose to make energy…. This process is called… Celluar Respiration!

  4. Definition: • Cellular Respiration – the process by which mitochondria break down food molecules (glucose) to produce ATP. • Occurs in 3 stages… • 1. Glycolysis • 2. Citric Acid Cycle/ Kreb Cycle • 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  5. ATP ADP Foundational Facts… • What powers cell processes that require energy? • ATP - adenosine triphosphate • Energy currency of cells • Powers cell processes

  6. Foundational Facts… • Parts of cellular respiration require oxygen and create carbon dioxide as waste. • When we breath O2 diffuses into cells through our blood, and as we exhale CO2 diffuses out of our blood. • Discuss with the person next to you how plants and animals are connected.

  7. Make the connection!

  8. Overall Equation for Respiration C6H12O6  +  6 O2   6 H2O  +  6 CO2 What do you notice about this equation?

  9. Stop, check, and reflect… • What is ATP? • What does cellular respiration need? • How many stages are there in cellular respiration? energy currency of cell oxygen and glucose 3 stages

  10. Takes place in cytoplasm of a cell Is an ANAerobic process, requires no oxygen Powered by 2 molecules of ATP Makes 4 ATP: ATP net gain = 2 ATP (since glycolysis used 2 ATP to get started) 1st Stage: Glycolysis

  11. Glycolysis • This process breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. In the process, it forms a net of 2 ATP’s.

  12. 2 molecules of ATP 2 molecules of ADP Glucose 2 PGAL P C C C C C C P C C C C C C 4 molecules of ADP + 4 P C C C C C C 4 molecules of ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid 1 2 3

  13. Review… • What is the source of energy for the first step of glycolysis? • Which carbon compound is broken down? • What carbon compound is the end product? • What is the ratio of glucose molecules to the net number of ATP molecules at the end of the process?

  14. 2Acetyl-CoA C C C C C C 2 Pyruvic Acid Moving inside • What carbon compound is the end product of glycolysis? • From the cytoplasm pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria and becomes Acetyl-CoA. (Makes 2 NADH and 2 CO2 per glucose.)

  15. 2nd Stage: Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb Cycle) • Occurs inside the mitochondria • Is an Aerobic process, it requires oxygen to occur!

  16. 2nd Stage: Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb Cycle Krebs • Cyclical process of chemical reactions which uses Acetyl-CoA to make CO2 and ATP. For every ONE glucose!

  17. SO far… For every ONE glucose molecule, how many of each has been made? ATP? CO2? FADH? NADH + H+? 4 4 2 HINT: (remember we have been through two stages! Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle) 6 Stop and Think!

  18. Movie Clip Time! C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\GOHS BIOLOGY\Cell Processes photosynth, resp, meiosis etc

  19. 3rd Stage: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in plasma membrane of mitochondria to create a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions to power ATP production.

  20. Electron Transport Chain (click here)!

  21. Aerobic Cell Respiration • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • What does this formula remind you of????

  22. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Required Reactants: • NADH • FADH2 • O2 (the final electron acceptor)– why you are breathing right now! • Products • 32-34 ATP!! • H2O (Remember the overall equation for respiration?)

  23. In the process of breaking down glucose, aerobic cell respiration makes a net of 36- 38 ATP molecules!!

  24. Organize and Summarize

  25. When there is no oxygen to fuel the Citric Acid Cycle, then ANAerobic Cell Respiration takes place in our cells! Anaerobic = Fermentation! What if we have no OXYGEN?

  26. Anaerobic Cell Respiration • Occurs, when we run out of oxygen in our cells. Some organisms such as yeast and bacteria do anaerobic cell respiration.

  27. You are familiar with some products of anaerobic cell respiration: • The carbon dioxide produced is used to make bread rise • The ethyl alcohol produced • is used in wine and beer

  28. And, if you’ve ever worked out too hard and your muscles ache Your muscle cells produced lactic acid through anaerobic cell respiration

  29. Anaerobic cell respiration is less efficient It only produces a net of 2 ATP molecules

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