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Sodium Chloride Process

Sodium Chloride Process. Brian Meeuwsen & Katie Neta. Isolation & Purification. Solution Mining (54%) Solution: 26% salt 73.5% water 0.5% impurities Evaporation = 99.8% purity Removes calcium, magnesium, and sometimes sulfate US food-grade salt = vacuum pan evaporation

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Sodium Chloride Process

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  1. Sodium Chloride Process Brian Meeuwsen & Katie Neta

  2. Isolation & Purification • Solution Mining (54%) • Solution: • 26% salt • 73.5% water • 0.5% impurities • Evaporation = 99.8% purity • Removes calcium, magnesium, and sometimes sulfate • US food-grade salt = vacuum pan evaporation • Rock Salt Mining (32%) • 98.5-99.4% purity https://www.google.com/search?q=rock+salt+mining&client=firefox-a&hs=dan&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=A_WCUvaUGent2wWJ9oCYBQ&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=997&bih=604#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=3mz7HsH4fpObGM%3A%3Bp3XCDXCuujyu6M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.himalayan-natural-salt-lamps.com%252Fmine-salt-photo-gallary%252Frock-salt-mine-pakistan-01.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.himalayan-natural-salt-lamps.com%252Fnatural-crystal-salt-mine-pakistan.php%3B600%3B450

  3. Isolation and Purification • Solar Salt Production (14%) • 99.98% purity • 6 times the cost of rock salt mining • 20 times the cost of solution mining

  4. US Usage

  5. Electrolysis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FDzt5VP50c • Concentration is highly important • Differ in products formed • Dilute NaCl = 2H2 : O2 • Concentrate NaCl= H2 : 2NaOH : Cl2 • Cathode (reduction): Na+ + e-= Na • Anode (oxidation): 2 Cl- = Cl2 + 2 e- https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/electrochemistry/electrolysis/electrolysis-of-molten-sodium-chloride/ Electrolytic process: 2Na+ + 2Cl- + 2H2O → 2Na+ + 2OH- + Cl2 + H2

  6. Caustic Soda Production Reaction Pathway Why Important? 2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2 • NaCl+ CO2+ NH3+ H2O → NaHCO3+ NH4Cl (I) • CaCO3→ CO2+ CaO(II) • 2 NH4Cl+ CaO→ 2 NH3+ CaCl2+ H2O(III) • 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O+ CO2(IV)

  7. Uses: Medical • Invented by HartogJakobHamburger 1896 • In vitro study of RBC lysis • Frequently used in hospitals • Normal Saline; IV medications • Fluid & electrolyte replenisher • Regulation within body maintains: • Osmotic pressure • Acid-base balance • Volume of circulating body fluids • $36 million/year http://www.austincc.edu/rxsucces/beginiv4.html

  8. Catalytic Properties • ThermolysinActivation • Increases the activity of Thermolysin by 13-15 times when in the presence of 4M NaCl at pH 7.0 at 25 degrees Celsius. • Used as a Green Catalyst in aqueous reactions • spirooxindole derivative synthesis • Efficiency of tellurium zeolite in the dehydrogenation reactions of ethylbenzene to styrene and n-hexane or cyclohexane to benzene.

  9. Economics

  10. Economics (2010) • Major Producers • China = 60Million Tons (21%) • United States = 45 Million Tons (16%) • Germany = 16.5 Million Tons (6%) • Major Exporters to the US • Canada (41%), Chile (31%), Mexico (9%), The Bahamas (6%), Other (13%) • US has 27 Companies operating 60 plants in 16 different states for NaCl Production • US Industry valued at over $1.8 Billion • Recent News (2010) • Major rock salt company in Detroit, MI • National Salt Reduction Initiative

  11. Reference List • http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00397911.2010.515365 • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167299109600537 • http://www.healthline.com/health/sodium-chloride\ • http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/uses.tcl?edf_substance_id=7647-14-5 • http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/sodium-chloride-natural-occurrence-commercial-preparation.html • http://faculty.rcc.edu/freitas/1ALabActivities/1A%20Exp2%20NaClSynth/1A%20Exp2Proc%20NaClSynthV6.pdf • Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 5th Ed. 2. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. 870-873. Print.

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