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SPACE MEDICINE- Challenges and Medical Discoveries

ا لفضاء. طب. SPACE MEDICINE- Challenges and Medical Discoveries. Zuhair S Allebban. Overview-continued. Abbas bin Firnas

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SPACE MEDICINE- Challenges and Medical Discoveries

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  1. الفضاء طب SPACE MEDICINE- Challenges and Medical Discoveries Zuhair S Allebban

  2. Overview-continued Abbas bin Firnas Recently, manned space missions used to be the dream of mankind for years, but became reality with the blast-off by Y. Gagarin in 1961 and the first small steps on the moon by N. Armstrong on Apollo 11

  3. So far people in space are: • highly specialized, dedicated "astronauts," • in the 21st century, common citizens will be able to travel and sight-see or to live in space. • We must solve so many problems before space can become a safe, habitable place. • The powerful tool which will establish the countermeasures to overcome the physiological effects in space, and that is "Space Medicine." • لحد الآن رواد الفضاء هم: • - عالي التخصص والتحمس • - في القرن 21 من المتوقع ان المواطن الغير متخصص سيسافر إلى الفضاء .

  4. Physiological Changes in Space The physiological changes in the adaptive process to space mainly involve: • Effects on cardiovascular system • Effects on bone 3. Effects on muscle 4. Space motion sickness 5. Effects on hematologic and immunologic system 6. Effects of space radiation 7. Effects of isolated environment on psychological aspects • التغييرات الفسلجية في الفضاء. • 1- تأثير الجاذبية على القلب والاوعية الدموية . • 2- تأثيرها على العظام • 3- تأثيرها على العضلات . • 4- غثيان . • 5- تأثيرها على جهاز الدم والمناعة. • 6-تأثير الإشعاعات . • 7- العامل النفسي.

  5. فَمَن يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَن يَهْدِيَهُ يَشْرَحْ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ ۖ وَمَن يُرِدْ أَن يُضِلَّهُ يَجْعَلْ صَدْرَهُ ضَيِّقًا حَرَجًا كَأَنَّمَا يَصَّعَّدُ فِي السَّمَاءِ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ (الأنعام:125) الرِّجْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ ……whomsoever He desires to lead astray, He makes his chest narrow, tight as if he were climbing up to the sky.”

  6. Effects on cardiovascular system Fluid shift and the change of bodymass caused by spaceflight التغيير في سوائل الجسم Cited from "The Bone"(Vol. 11 No.2 1997.6) Medical View Co., Ltd.

  7. Dr. Chiaki Mukai, Facial edema, especially around the eyes, appears and the cranial veins dilate early in spaceflight. Subjectivesymptomscaused by fluid shift are stuffy nose, headache, and puffy face.

  8. One countermeasure is to apply the Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP). This provides an equivalent physiologic stress by creating suction on the lower body (i. e., legs and abdominal regions) as a substitute for Earth gravity and the upright exercise on Earth. Ingestion of isotonic saline just before reentry is also thought to be effective. لمعالجة التغييرات في سوائل الجسم ، استعمال طريقة السحب وشرب السوائل قبل الدخول إلى فضاء الأرض.

  9. Bone: Healthy vs Osteoporosis عظم متنخر عظم طبيعي

  10. Effects on Bones • 7Up, a PepsiCo company, has printed this medical periodical to aid in the treatment of Osteopepsiosis. Osteopepsiosis is a bone malady associated with women drinking too much cola and the deformation of the spine. لا تكثر من شرب الكولا

  11. Effects on Bones-Continued 3.2% of average bone loss occurred after nearly 10 days of weightlessness. • The loss of calcium in urine may produce urinary stone which might cause severe pain • Decrease of bone density will lead to bone fracture. • Muscles rapidly atrophy • فقدان 3.2% من العظام خلال عشرة أيام في الفضاء . • - تكوين حصى في الجهاز البولي . • - العظم سهل الكسر. • - ضمور العضلات .

  12. Space Motion Sickness • Afew minutes or a few hours after entering weightlessness, • Space motion sickness • headaches, malaise, nausea and eventually vomiting. • 60-70% of the astronauts experience these symptoms • Promethazine hydrochloride • الغثيان والصداع.

  13. Effects on Hematologic and Immunologic System • Significant alterations in the hematologic and immunologic system in microgravity: • 1. Some erythrocytes transform from biconcave discoid shape to spheroid • 2. Anemia characterized by a decrease in the number of RBC (about 15%) is observed within four days of spaceflight. • 3. Decrease erythropoietin level • 4. Reduce lymphocyte activities • تغيير شكل كريات الدم الحمر من مقعرة الجانبين إلى كروية الشكل. • فقر الدم . • نقص في هرمون (Epo). • نقص في نشاط كريات الدم البيضاء اللمفاوية .

  14. On Earth Space

  15. Effects of space radiation اشعاعات الشمس

  16. Effects of Space Radiation-Cont • Space radiation exists in the space environment. On the Earth, the atmosphere and magnetic field provide a shield for humans, and prevent space radiation from penetrating to the Earth's surface. • Astronauts are subject to greater amounts of space radiation than they would receive on the Earth. • الحاجز المغناطيسي والفضائي حول الارض يمنع دخول الإشعاعات الضارة إلى فضاء الأرض.

  17. Applications 1. health care of passenger plane pilots, who also affected by space radiation 2. the research for utilizing and shielding radiation sources in high-energy radiation facilities. • لحماية الطيارين المدنيين من الاشعاع. • لحماية الباحثين وموضفي الاشعة باستعمال الدرع العازل.

  18. Effects of isolated environment on psychological aspects

  19. Severe psychological stress on international crew members. • Work according to a tight schedule in a monotonous room for several months • No free break back to Earth • getting along with other crew members of different cultural backgrounds. • العامل النفسي • غرفة صغيرة ولمدة طويلة • لا وجود استراحة على الارض • العيش مع زملاء مختلفي الثقافات ومن دول متعددة.

  20. Space walk (Extravehicular Activity-EVA) • Extravehicular activity is one of the most exciting events for everyone, including the astronauts themselves. • The Extravehicular Space Suit Mobility Unit (EMU) enables the astronauts to perform the EVA for six to seven hours with safety in the extremely perilous environment of space. • The EMU is filled with 100% oxygen at 0.29atm. • السير في الفضاء • يبقى الرواد في الفضاء 6-7 ساعات . • تملأ بدلة رائد الفضاء بالأوكسجين النقي .

  21. Spinoffs Unlike the terrestrial medicine with which doctors diagnose and treat patients, space medicine deals with specially selected healthy persons and overcoming the adverse effects anticipated in space. • بعض الفوائد المتوقعة • - جهاز تحليل الدم • - جهاز الطرد المركزي الصغير

  22. Blood Analyzer A common medical instrument is the blood analyzer. In the 1970s, existing mechanical analysis blood systems were far too large for spacecraft use and would not have functioned properly in microgravity. For the Skylab manned orbital laboratory, a toaster-sized centrifugal analyzing device was developed with funding provided by NASA (see right). It is an epoch-making system which can perform 80 to 100 chemical blood tests using a single drop of whole blood. نظام يعمل 80-100 اختبار باستعمال قطرة دم واحدة.

  23. Vision Therapy • Vision centers use the Accommotrac System, a device to help sufferers from myopia (near-sightedness) and hyperopia (far-sightedness) who cannot properly focus their eyes to use the ciliary body, a muscle to control the thickness of the eye lens, without wearing glasses. • جهاز لمساعدة الاشخاص الذين يعانون من قصر أو بعد النظر.

  24. Food Service System The Food Service System, which is now widely used in hospitals, is originated in space technology developed by NASA in 1966-67 for meal service aboard the Apollo lunar spacecraft (see right). نظام الغذاء في المستشفيات

  25. Other devices جهاز تنظيم دقات القلب There are other spinoffs too many to count but include:Coronary arterializations by applying the low temperature laser, which was originally developed for measuring air gas; a cutting-edge pacemaker which can change the heart rate in response to body activity; a temperature capsule for measuring internal body temperatures (seeright) with the application of battery technologies; a vision screening device for children's eyesight and so forth.

  26. Spinoff-Continued • There are also space medicine technologies that have potential for practical use in: • curing osteoporosis • curing muscle atrophy diseases • rehabilitating program for patients of cerebral infarction and cardiac insufficiency • العمل على اكتشاف دواء إلى : • - تنخر العظام . • - ضمور العضلات . • - برنامج العلاج الطبيعي.

  27. Conclusions • Space medical research: 1. Maintain a good quality of life for the astronauts in space. 2.Helps improve the quality of medicine on Earth, such as the discovery of several medical devices: • Digital imaging breast biopsy system • breast cancer detection, laser angioplasty • ultrasound skin damage assessment • programmable pacemaker • automated urinalysis • Medical gas analyzer • voice-controlled wheelchair • arteriosclerosis detection • ultrasound scanners • automatic insulin pump • others

  28. Thank You

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