Presentation to Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad, Hon’ble Union Minister &

1. Presentation to Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad, Hon’ble Union Minister & General Secretary, AICC ( Incharge, AP) By Public representatives from Andhra Pradesh for Samaikyandhra HEARTY WELCOME United We Stand - Divided We Fall 1 1

2. Outline of the Presentation Brief History Real Facts - Chronology of events Telangana Leaders lobbying for Vishalandhra Unemployed politicians Historic decision by Indira Gandhi Emotions are short-lived Demand - Began with backwardness… ended with self-Rule Integrated Development in Telangana River Water claims Migration to Hyderabad, the capital of AP 10 Historic and Valid scientific reasons for united AP Way forward 2 2

3. TELUGU- TRILINGA The word ‘Telugu’ is derived from Trilinga (The variant of root word for the present Telangana), as in Trilinga Desa, "the country of the three Lingas“ Kaleshwaram (Karimnagar District, Telangana) Srisailam (Kurnool District, Rayalaseema) Draksharamam (East Godavari Dist, coastal Andhra) Gautamiputra Satakarni, the Andhra Sathavahna King defeated the Vikramaditya in 78 AD and started the Indian National Calendar (Shalivahana era) The historic city in Telangana region, Warangal, the capital city of Kakatiyas, was known asAndhra Nagaram (means Andhra City) in those days (11th Century) The Kakatiyas called themselves – Andhradeshadeeshulu, the kings of Andhradesa (means country of Andhras) 3 3

4. Andhra –Telangana - Rayalaseema Indian history - Telugu race - No Telangana race ‘Andhra’ is the lineage of Telugu-speaking people Telangana means place of ‘Telugus’ The word ‘Andhra’ is more prominent in Telangana All the movements against Nizam in Telangana region used only Andhra Name ( e.g., Nizam Andhra Mahasabha, etc.) In fact, in Hyderabad State, People in Telangana region were officially referred as Telangana Andhras It is only of late that Telanganite is in usage Entire AP is Telangana- every Telugu is an Andhrite Rayalaseema – Telugu areas, which were for long ruled by the Rayala Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire ( 'seema' was an administrative unit of the Vijayanagara Empire similar to districts) 4 4

5. The First documented Reference of the word Telangana in the History in the 15th century, it was the coastal and adjoining region that was shown as Telangana in a Map from the book “India-A History” by John Keay (Page: 280) Publisher: Harper Collins The 15th Century Map of India depicting Andhra region as Telangana 5 5

6. Telugus existed as a single administrative unit The entire present Andhra Pradesh was together under one umbrella for over 3,000 years under Andhra Sathavahanas Kakatiyas Vijayanagara Empire Nizam (till 1766) Qutub Shahi dynasty  and the Consolidated Nizams dynasty, in fact, encompassed almost the entire current AP for over 200 years with Hyderabad as its capital, till Nizam gave away the Coastal and Rayalaseema Districts to British to meet the kingdom’s financial difficulties 6 6

7. Consolidated Nizam State with Hyderabad capital Hyderabad was founded in 1591 AD. Out of 400 years of Hyderabad history around 250 years it was the capital of entire current AP. Even those remaining 150 years also, lease amounts received for leasing Andhra to British were also utilized for the development of Hyderabad Nizam lost the economic control of his State’s economy after he lost the coastal area (because of land locked State) B.P.R.Vittal, a former Hyderabad Civil Service officer: “Telangana region was backward by any reckoning during Nizam period… not only in comparison to the other parts of the former State of Hyderabad, but was amongst the lowest in the entire country” 7

8. Only150 Years of Separation Circar Districts were leased to East India Company by Nizam Govt for a lease of Rs 9 lakhs/year in 1766 Rayalaseema districts were ceded to British in 1800 for establishing and maintenance of Army regiment at Secunderabad for the protection of Hyderabad State Telugus were ruled by two different regimes namely British and Nizam The people of the Telangana region were insulated from Telugu renaissance and their language. Urdu was official language and some percussionist tendencies were also prevalent under Nizam for wiping out Telugu identity 8 8

9. Only150 Years of Separation In fact, the Intense urge for Vishalandhra emanated out of these restrictions for maintenance of Telugu culture in Hyderabad Princely State, which ultimately culminated into peoples movement against Nizam Rule Historical Address of Indira Gandhi in Lok Sabha, 1972: “All the parts which now constitute AP have been under one umbrella for long periods of history. Let us not look at just the immediate period of history. it was this long history which inspired the Telugu speaking people when they yearned and struggled for several decades to form a unified Andhra Pradesh. I happened to be touring parts of the south just before the report of the SRC was made public and my ears are still reverberating with the full-throated cries of Vishal Andhra. It was really the will of the Telugu-speaking people which prevailed over the proposal of some people to retain the old Hyderabad state” 9 9

10. Movement for linguistic States Struggle for separate statehood for Telugus from Madras State began simultaneously with struggle for India’s independence in 1920, Congress accepted linguistic redistribution of provinces and constituted linguistic provincial Committees The Nehru Committee of the All-Parties Conference in 1928 strongly supported the idea of redistribution of provinces based on the linguistic principle Orissa and Punjab States were formed In 1936. But Andhra State could not be formed because of the Madras Capital issue issue related to letter of Gandhi, dt. 23.12.1938, to Sarvepalli: “You are very well aware that reorganization of the States on the linguistic lines is my goal. I have barrowed this principle from the movement of Andhra State. Hence, today itself, if Andhra region is formed into a separate State with special status, I would be most happy” 10 10

11. Linguistic States Fast unto death by Shri Potti Sriramulu. Andhras conceded Madras and decided to form Andhra State. Wait of 17 years was in vain, as ultimately Andhra was formed without Madras Decision to form Andhra State on 19 Dec 1952. Andhra State was formed on 1 Oct 1953 The linguistic principle for reorganisation of the States was accepted as a rationale by the SRC following the Andhra Example Historical Address of Indira Gandhi in Lok Sabha: “There are some things which are part of our national life. It is true that the question of linguistic states was very much a part of the national movement. There was no getting away from it. There is an overall rationality in the formation of our various states and we should be very careful not to break this foundation of rationality in momentary passions” 11

12. Movement for Vishalandhra 1908 - people from Telangana region attended Visalandhra meeting at Bandar in Coastal Andhra 1911 - Map of Vishalandhra was released 1921 - Andhra Jana Sangham was formed in Nizams’ princely state 1930 - Andhra Maha Sabha was started 1938 - Hyderabad State Congress formed and banned by Nizam 1949 - Vishalandhra Maha Sabha was formed 1950- Vishalandhra Maha Sabha was held at Warangal. resolved for formation of AP 12 12

13. Hyderabad Liberation Hyderabad State Congress office was started at Vijayawada in the residence of Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao, the Architect of Visalandhra, to keep its activities aloof after its ban In 1946, Kasim Razvi became president of Ittehadul Muslimeen Party- virtually ruled Hyderabad State with Razakars Andhra Congress Committee wholeheartedly supported the struggle for independence in the State of Hyderabad. People of Andhra region established Border Camps (total 98 recognized by union Govt) in the border villages for sheltering Telugus in Hyderabad State It was an unprecedented act of brotherhood and bravery by Andhras, who steadfastly protected the Hyderabad Telugus in their struggle for Independence. Telangana people could wage the historic war against the richest Nawab in the world, only because Andhras raised necessary money and materials 13 13

14. Views of MPs on formation of Vishalandhra in 1953 Parliamentary proceedings on Andhra State Bill, 1953 Swami Ramananda Tirtha (Gulberga) (Also president Hyderabad State Congress) : Certainly, it would be a matter of greater gratification when the whole of the Andhra State comes into existence comprising of all the areas of the Telugu-speaking population Channa Reddy(Hyderabad): ultimate fate of Hyderabad State is in its disintegration. Each and every public organization including the Congress and two municipal corporations of our twin cities, viz., Secunderabad and Hyderabad have adopted a resolution in clear and unequivocal terms to this effect D.D. Italia (Hyderabad) : separate Telugu-speaking districts from the Madras State and included them in the Hyderabad State to solve the question of location of the capital, High Court and so many other questions 14 14

15. Views of MPs in 1953 (Cont.) Diwan Raghavendra Rao (Osmanabad): Let me tell this House that the Hyderabad integration would disturb the picture of the whole of India in the future because of some elements existing in Hyderabad today. It should be disintegrated as early as possible, for the safety of India Krishnacharya Joshi (Yadgir): Mr. Gadgil rightly said that Hyderabad should be disintegrated. Many of my Hyderabad friends have now expressed the same view. The people of Hyderabad are very clear on this. In Hyderabad, there are certain elements which are against disintegration. Vested interests, reactionaries and the Nizam himself are going against the will of the people 15 15

16. M.R. Krishna (Karimnagar): All the leading political parties in Hyderabad including the Congress have said that Hyderabad should be disintegrated. capital should be located in Hyderabad Chattopadhyaya, Resident of Telangana(Vijayawada): I am a Telangana person. Vishal Andhra is a logical conclusion of the Andhra State the disintegration, if I judge a right, of Hyderabad. I am a Hyderabadi. I am convinced that the disintegration has already started in the hearts of the people there. you cannot stop the disintegration of a mere piece of land. It would have been graceful had this whole big area been marked off and given to Andhras Kishen Chand (Hyderabad): Telugu-speaking parts ceded from Hyderabad. Why don’t we join them again? Views of MPs in 1953 (Cont.) 16 16

17. Views of MPs in 1953 (Cont.) Heda (Nizamabad): Not only the people of Hyderabad city but practically 95 to 99% of the people of Hyderabad State are in favour of disintegration. The Govt of India could have taken the decision now and implementation could have been deferred to a future date. why do not Andhra friends claim or clamour for the city of Hyderabad as a provisional or guest capital? If Hyderabad is going to be the future capital of Vishal Andhra, why not create those links. in the interests of those people who live in Hyderabad, it should be the capital of a bigger area Not even a single Telangana MP advocated against Vishalandhra Andhra State formed with temporary Capital at Kurnool. People of Rayalaseema have sacrificed in shifting the capital to Hyderabad, in the interest of unity of Telugus 17 17

18. Fazal Ali Commission SRC Report in Para 374 -The creation of Vishalandhra is an ideal to which numerous individuals and public bodies, both in Andhra and Telangana, have been passionately attached over a long period of times, and unless there are strong reasons to the contrary, this sentiment is entitled to consideration. But, the Commission postponed the unification by 5 years (i.e., till 1961) purely on administrative grounds.Telangana region, requires Safeguards which the State of Andhra may not provide as it has still not got over the stress of transition - may create administrative difficulties for both 18 18

19. Telangana Leaders Lobbying for Vishalandhra Entire Telangana burst like a volcano against the recommendation of SRC for postponing the unification by 5 years In the memoirs of Raavi Narayana Reddy (the towering personality from Telangana) “Na Jeevanapathamlo”: “In Telangana, there was intensified movement for Vishalandhra. the urge for Vishalandhra was not that much in Andhra State when compared to passion of the people of Telangana region for Vishalandhra. Andhra Govt has not shown any interest to merge with Telangana. I visited Kurnool; met Bejawada Gopala Reddy, CM, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Deputy CM and persuaded them for united Andhra” Suravaram Pratap Reddy, Communist leader Makhdoom Mohiuddin and scores of other Telangana leaders lobbied extensively for creation of Vishhalandra It is leaders of Telangana, who formed into a Committee and visited Delhi met Nehru and other national Leaders and their hectic lobbying paved way for creation of AP 19

20. Telangana Leaders lobbying for Vishalandhra • Instead of waiting for 5 full years, all Telugus decided to unite by fulfilling all the stipulations of SRC • Hyderabad Legislative Assembly passed an unanimous resolution in the House to merge it with Andhra region on 21st March 1953. “This Assembly is of the opinion that the present heterogeneous structure of Hyderabad and of several other provinces of South is the product of the British conquest of India and historical Vicissitudes and is detrimental to intellectual and social growth of the people. Regrouping of provinces on the basis of Languages and Culture of the people is therefore necessary in democrating India and United India”. 20

21. Merger Voluntary – Not Forced • Hyderabad State Congress passed a unanimous Resolution demanding merger • Unanimous Resolutions were passed in Hyderabad and Secundrabad Municipal Corporations • Seven out of 10 District Congress Committees (in Telangana region) have unanimously passed resolutions for formation of AP • at the Chief Ministers conference on October 22, 1955, Andhra and Hyderabad CMs suggested immediate merger of Telangana and Andhra instead of waiting for five years as proposed by the SRC 21

22. PM Pandit Nehru at Nizamabad in 1956 Govt. of India in principle, had decided to have a united State of Andhra and Telangana for political, linguistic, economic, administrative and cultural reasons when I found that the people were in agreement with the Commission’s recommendations, who was I to force my views down their throats. Though it was my firm opinion, I gave it up. it seemed wrong to postpone something, to be done after five years, to keep it pending for that long. it is improper to have two separate states Greatness does not come out of pettiness or disunity . The narrow-minded people have no place in India. The big gathering of 4 lakh people cheered the announcement Nagarjuna Sagar project on 9 Dec 1955: I see the river Krishna before me. The Left bank of the river is called Telangana and the right Andhra. The People on both sides speak the same language and have the same culture. The river cannot separate them 22 22

23. Gentlemen’s Agreement Provision of enforcing safeguards was only for a period of 5 to 10 years: certain safeguards were guaranteed to Telangana through a Gentlemen’s Agreement For Domicile Rules,a temporary provision has been made to ensure that for a period of five years- Andhras agreed to the continuation of the Mulki Rules in the Telangana region, though it means ‘State within a State’. No other State in the country has such reservations based on regions Distribution of expenditure between Telangana and Andhra Regions. This arrangement would be reviewed after 5years and could be continued for another 5 years if the Telangana members of the Assembly so desired Regional Council: Unless revised by agreement earlier this arrangement will be reviewed after ten years 23 23

24. Alleged Violations of Gentlemen’s Agreement 1,07,000 non-gazetted employees in Telangana in 1969. Out of these, only 4.5% were non-mulkis 1,600 were teachers (qualification issues) 1,800 were nurses (kerala) 400 were stenographers remaining 1200 came from other departments Violations were unintentional, they occurred out of non availability in Telangana region. Hence, Andhras cannot be blamed No violation was done, as for as for possible, in enforcing the safeguards aimed at protecting the interests of Telangana 24 24

25. Unemployed Politicians The demand for a separate State is engineered and pushed forward mostly by self-seeking and short-sighted unemployed politicians. Separatist movements are mostly politically motivated This has become a very powerful weapon for unemployed politicians to get positions of power and prominence Sub-regionalism in India has become one of the quick routes to political power, like communalism, regionalism and casteism Jai Telangana Movement in 1969 was fought for less than 5,000 non-mulki jobs, which costed lives of 59 innocent people. The day K.Brahmananda Reddy was removed as CM of Andhra Pradesh, the entire 1969 Telangana movement busted like a pin-pricked balloon Same thing happened with separate Andhra agitation in 1972, which costed 69 lives . After removal of Sri P.V. Narasimha Rao, the then Chief Minister, the entire agitation has come to an end 25

26. Historic decision by Indira Gandhi • People and most of the parties agitated in all the regions unanimously for separate Statehood in Jai Telangana and Jai Andhra movements in 1969 and 1972 • But Indira Gandhi stood like a rock in the national interest and stated emphatically, “separation is not an end of the problem. It is the beginning of another very big problem, not for other states but also for that area; that state itself…if each group of districts, or sub-region, wanted separate Statehood, eventually every district would like to become a State and the nation would be ungovernable. Some people have advised the division of U.P. where to divide into two, three, four, into how many areas do you divide it? Do you go back to the old, very small states, princely states; do you go back to that? Somewhere a line has to be drawn. The capital belongs to both regions, the central government has decided to repeal the Mulki rules… 26

27. Historic decision by Indira Gandhi No solution can be found while the atmosphere remains charged with emotions. Any solutions, any answer, has to be found in a very cool, calm and rational manner. all these matters have to be thought of not in terms of emotion but in terms of calm and collective thought. And not in terms of today or tomorrow or the day after but of what it will mean to them and the country ten years hence, 20 years hence, a hundred years hence. I express my deep sympathy with the parents and families of those who have lost their lives. But we must look at this matter in the larger perspective. Govt. can’t be swept away by feelings” • But for Indira Gandhi, country would have witnessed several more unnecessary and unviable States. It is requested to take cue from the firm decision of Indira Gandhi and advise Union Govt. to take such bold and wise decision 27

28. 6 point formula - Presidential Order of 1975 • The abolition of Mulki rules and the Telangana Regional Committee • In regards to jobs, state divided into six zones, within the framework of three regions. • District level (80% reservation for Locals) • Zonal Level (divided into 6 Zones with 70% reservation for domiciles of the Zone) • State Level (Open to all) • 98% of the total jobs in the State are predominantly reserved for locals (92% at District level and 6% at Zonal level) and only 2% jobs are at State level which are open to all • Thus, all the safeguards of Gentlemen’s agreement, except Political Space, were fullfilled 28 28

29. Scrapping of Gentleman's agreement Gentleman's agreement, which was valid only for 5 to 10 years, ceased to exist in all respects with the proclamation of the presidential Order of 1975 It is pertinent to note that 6-Point formula was unanimously accepted by leaders from all the regions A conscious and deliberate effort has been made by Congress Party to ensure ‘Political Space’ to Telangana region. As a consequence, the Post of CM was given to leaders from Telangana region continuously for 10 years (1973-82) 29 29

30. Telangana Slogan after Decades Slogan for separate Telangana was again started by Maoists in 1996 Which was picked up by BJP in 1998 at Kakinada convention - 'one vote, two states‘. failed to attract attention of the people BJP had carved out Chattisgarh, Jarkhad and Uttaranchal during NDA regime in 2000 for separating predominantly Tribal and Hilly areas which are remote from their respective Capital cities On Telangana Shri Advani said, on 14th March, 2004, “All the regions, which were separated in those three respective States, were far from the Capitals of those States. In the case of AP, Telangana region is surrounding the capital. Telangana is not distant from State Capital. There is no Resolution passed in the state Assembly… There is no consensus in the State about demand. Hence, it was not considered for separation.” Maoists reiterated separate Telangana demand again during the Peace talks with the State Govt. in 2004 30 30

31. Telangana Slogan after Decades The present agitation, spearheaded this time by K.Chandra Sekhara Rao of TRS is also like the previous ones’ He was a Cabinet Minister in the TDP Govt. for 4 years, i.e., till 1999 and even raised his voice in the Assembly against 610 GO and zonal Reservations. Argued in favour of repel of 1975 Presidential Order Never did he realize that injustice was being done to Telangana when he was in power. But immediately after he was denied the Cabinet berth, he started propogating that injustice was being done to Telangana region. Like his illustrious predecessors, he too successfully converted his personal grievance as tantamount to injustice to Telangana KCR, an unemployed politician, took solace in the issue of insignificant irregularities in 610 GO and aroused raw emotions of people by raising economic backwardness, etc 31 31

32. TRS and some Telangana Congress leaders TRS Party came into existence in 2001 with the slogan of creating separate Telangana State. They could not get desired response from the public. With no other option left, TRS approached Congress for an electoral alliance in 2004. Congress got an agreement signed by TRS to accept for 2nd SRC as a stipulation to form the electoral alliance. TRS demanded more than 50 Assembly Seats, but, DR YSR, other AP Congress leaders and AICC General Secretary- Incharge of AP, outrightly rejected the proposal. TRS could have settled for 22 Seats, but for some Telangana Congress Leaders, Congress has conceded 42 Assembly Seats 32

33. Joint statement issued on March 4, 2004 TRS’s ACCEPTANCE TO SECOND S.R.C by A. Narendra on behalf of TRS for contesting 2004 Elections With Congress 33 33

34. Congress Stand - 2nd SRC The Congress Working Committee in 2001 discussed the Telangana issue and adopted the resolution for constituting the Second SRC to look into the issue of smaller States Congress Manifesto, 2004: “while respecting the report of the first States Reorganization Commission, the Congress Party notes that there are many valid reasons for formation separate States in Vidarbha and Telengana. However, the reorganization of existing States raises a large number of issues. The Congress Party feels that the whole matter could be best addressed by another States Reorganisation Commission to look into all the issues involved. 34 34

35. Congress Stand As Congress Party could not get full majority on its own at the Centre, it formed a coalition Govt. with Left, which was for united AP, and other parties. Hence, Sri KCR requested for consensus on Telangana issue instead of Second SRC. UPA’s National Common Minimum Programme: “The UPA Government will consider the demand for the formation of a Telangana State at an appropriate time after due consultations and consensus” 35 35

36. Speech of the President Joint Session of Parliament on 07-06-2004. The extracts of Para 39: “The Government will consider the demand for the formation of a Telangana state at an appropriate time after due consultations.” The UPA Govt. took up the issue of Telangana and constituted a Committee headed by Shri Pranab Kumar Mukherjee, with Union Ministers Sri Raghuvansh Prasad Singh and Sri Dayanidhi Maran as its Members, which strived to arrive at a consensus. However, consensus could not be arrived at that point of time. 36 36

37. Rosaiah Committee TDP and PRP agreed for formation of Telangana in the beginning of 2009. Hence, There was renewed pressure from some Telangana leaders on Congress for formation of Telangana. Dr YSR and many other Congress leaders vehemently opposed any such stand. On Feb 12, 2009, Statement of Dr YSR on the Floor of the Assembly, “The Govt of AP has no objection for the formation of Telangana State in principle… However, concerns have been raised by the stakeholders.. Minorities belonging to Telangana region have expressed their apprehensions on their safety aspects, if Telangana is separated…. 37 37

38. Statement of DR YSR (Cont..) In addition, because Hyderabad is a Capital City, people belonging to Andhra, Raayalaseema regions have settled here for the last 30, 40, 50, 60 years. They are of the opinion that they have come here to settle because they felt that it is their own Capital, had it been the Capital of some other State they could have never settled here. In solving one problem, we cannot neglect all these issues and ultimately land-up in several other severe problems. Another important issue is if we separate the State, the debate on whether to make only two States, three States or four States would also arise” This has subsequently became part of the 2009 Manifesto 38 38

39. Support to Congress Stand • Smt.Sonia Gandhi, Shri. Rahul Gandhi and Dr YSR toured extensively in 2009 Elections and addressed several Meetings, but have not uttered even a single word about the formation of Telangana. • Smt. Sonia Gandhi raised slogan of ‘Jai Andhra Pradesh’ at a pre-poll public Meeting in Hyderabad • Congress won the elections with a thumping majority, which only proves that people of Telangana have approved the stand taken by the Congress Party 39

40. 23rd December Statement Within a few hours after the ‘December 9’ Statement, made by Sri Chidambaram, Union Minister for Home Affairs, the entire Andhra & Rayalaseema regions went into fire instantly in support of united Andhra Pradesh, which brought normal life to standstill As Resolution cannot be moved in the Assembly, the Union Govt. had issued a second Statement on 23rd December : “… after the December 9 statement, the situation in Andhra Pradesh has altered. A large number of political parties are divided on the issue. There is a need to hold wide-ranging consultations with all political parties and groups in the State. Government of India will take steps to involve all concerned in the process” 40 40

41. Emotions are short-lived 41

42. Emotions are short-lived 42

43. TRS Vote Share - Fluctuations * in 2005 & 2006 TRS fought on its own. # in 2004 it had alliance with Congress, CPI and CPM. @ in 2009 it had alliance with TDP, CPI and CPM 43