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Network Architectures

Network Architectures. Professor Jinhua Guo CIS 527 Fall 2002. Layering. Use abstractions to hide complexity Abstraction naturally lead to layering. Application programs. Process-to-process channels. Host-to-host connectivity. Hardware. Alternative abstractions at each layer.

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Network Architectures

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  1. Network Architectures Professor Jinhua Guo CIS 527 Fall 2002

  2. Layering • Use abstractions to hide complexity • Abstraction naturally lead to layering Application programs Process-to-process channels Host-to-host connectivity Hardware

  3. Alternative abstractions at each layer Application programs Request/reply Message stream channel channel Host-to-host connectivity Hardware

  4. Protocols • Building blocks of a network architecture • Each protocol object has two different interfaces • service interface: operations on this protocol • peer-to-peer interface: messages exchanged with peer • Term “protocol” is overloaded • specification of peer-to-peer interface • module that implements this interface

  5. Interfaces Host1 Host2 Service High-level High-level interface object object Protocol Protocol Peer-to-peer interface

  6. Protocol Graph • collection of protocols and their dependencies • most peer-to-peer communication is indirect • peer-to-peer is direct only at hardware level Host 2 Host 1 Digital Digital Video Video File File library library application application application application application application RRP MSP RRP MSP HHP HHP

  7. Multiplexing and Demultiplexing (demux key) • Encapsulation (header/body) Host 1 Host 2 Application Application program program Data Data RRP RRP RRP Data RRP Data HHP HHP HHP RRP Data

  8. Standard Architecture • Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Architecture • Internation Standards Organization (ISO) • International Telecommunication Union (ITU) formerly CCITT • “X dot” series: X.25, X.400, X.500, … • Reference Model

  9. ISO Architecture End host End host Application Application Presentation Presentation Session Session Transport Transport Network Network Network Network Data link Data link Data link Data link Physical Physical Physical Physical One or more nodes within the network

  10. FTP HTTP NV TFTP UDP TCP IP … NET NET NET 2 1 n Internet Architecture • Defined by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • Application vs Application Protocol (FTP, HTTP)

  11. Features of Internet Architecture • Does not imply strict layering • Hourglass shape • Implement as you go Application TCP UDP IP Network

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