Earth observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use

1. Earth observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use

2. Energy demand will continue to grow WP7 Project Management

3. Complexity & Scale Project background Environmental issues increase in complexity and scale! Indoor AQ Urban AQ Acid Rain Ozone Eutro-fication PM & health Climate change 1940-60 1980-90 2000-10

4. Project objectives A reliable and sustainable energy supply is a major challenge for Europe, and meeting our energy needs in a sustainable way will be the main challenge of the 21st century EnerGEOdevelops a strategy for a global assessment of current and future impacts of the exploitation of energy resources on the environment and ecosystems based on the use of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) capacities. This strategy is demonstrated for a variety of energy resources worldwide (fossil fuels, biomass, solar and wind energy). EnerGEO combines: 1. Existing energy systemmodelsand environmental impactmodels 2. Existing global earth observation datasetsfromwhich environmental impactindicators as well as energy potential parameters are deduced. Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

5. Project objectives 4 Pilots were selected for testing and demonstrating the observation system and developed scenarios: Fossil fuels: impact on atmospheric composition and land degradation Biomass: impact on ecosystems, biodiversity and food security Solar energy: select optimum power plant locations and support electricity grid integration Wind: assess the potential (net) energy, assess environmental impacts of the substitution of fossil energy by wind power all pilotoutputs will beconvertedintoEnvironmental Impact AssessmentsandtentativelyintegratedthroughthePlatform Integrated Assessment (PIA) Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

6. Project logic Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

7. GEO Context EnerGEO represents a major contribution of the European Commission to GEOSS, in particular to the Societal Benefit Area (SBA) Energy and the GEO-tasks EN-01 (Energy and Geo-Resources Management) and SB-05 (Impact Assessment of Human Activities) By developing a distributed systembased on the recommendations of the GEO-Architecture and Data Committee (ADC), global collection and dissemination ofdata relating to the impact of energy use on the environmentwill be supported. Contributions to AIP6 Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up The SBAs of GEOSS

8. Biomass - Energy potentials G4M is used to produce global energy potentials from forestry EPIC is used to produce global energy potentials from crops BETHY/DLR uses remote sensing data to derive regional energy potentials from forestry and crops. • Europe • Pakistan • Uganda Specific attention to validation based on in-situ data LIDAR assessments Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Energy potentials from forests as computed with the G4M model. Values in TJ/y/grid cell of 0.5x0.5º. White: no forest. Red: tropical forests and savannahs. 9

9. Solar energy: Siting support The aim of this part of the solar energy pilot is to provide a web service with information on the best locations to build a solar park. Inputs used are solar radiation, land use, population density, infrastructure, electricity grid, etc. Output is available as maps and as location-specific raster diagrams. Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Left: examples of input maps (electric grid, population, irradiance) to calculate best sites to locate a solar power plant. Right: example of output of the web service: map with potential for solar power plants and raster diagram for one location.

10. Wind - LCA Results: Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Configuration selected: 20 years life time; 40 turbines; high maintenance; high failure rate; fixed & floatingfoundations.

11. Technology assessment in energy supply systems Renewable power generation potentials DC - Transmission Overhead lines or earth cables AC - Transmission Simplified representation of the current high voltage grid Power demand Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Optimisation module REMix Least-cost power supply, spatially and temporally explicit Heat demand • Flex. CHP-operation: • heat storage • - Peak load boilers Model Electric vehicles BEV/EREV: different charging strategies, V2G. Battery capacity of the vehicle fleet in temporal resolution. FCEV: flexible on-site H2-generation Results: Strategies for power generation & storage Conventional power plants Nuclear, coal CCGT, gas Storage Pumped hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Hydrogen Demand Side Management Industry & households (ongoing research) x

12. Fossil Fuels – Energy Transition Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Fossil fuel use in power generation will change considerably, impacting temporal variability which is currently neglected in impact assessments

13. Fossil Fuels – Energy Transition Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up When change in emission timing is included, power plant pollution is more persistent

14. PIA – Energy Scenarios • Four energy scenarios for Europe are defined and will be assessed in the PIA Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Fig. ‘Open Europe’ energy scenario, characterised by a relatively large share of electricity from biomass, calculated with the GAINS model.

15. PIA – Energy Scenarios • Four energy scenarios for Europe are defined and will be assessed in the PIA Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up Mercury emissions relative to 2005 Renewable energy policies induce extensive co-benefits for mercury abatement due to restructuring of energy system and changes in fuel-mix

16. Platform forIntegrated Assessment: PIA Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up

17. EnerGEO portal – link to GEOSS Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up EnerGEOPortal Architecture is linked to GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI)

18. EnerGEO portal extendedtoknowledge portal Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up http://www.energeo-project.eu/ Example of web service available through EnerGEO portal: Climate change impact of solar panels (CO2 / KWh)

19. Summer School Unlocking the renewable energy potentials for Africa Makarere University, Uganda, March4 – 13, 2013 Presentation by Peter Zeil at 13:10 WP6 Dissemination

20. Future research needs Application of EO data are many, … Quantification of added value of EO data Expansion to • Global data sets • Other renewable and FF sources (Geothermal, Shale gas) • full suite of technologies (solar, wind) Renewable energy modelling should be developed further Include direct impacts of renewables in integrated assessment (broader focus than avoided FF) Assess impacts land use change and biofuels Fossil fuel impacts should be assessed in more detail as their role will change, but remain important for the next decades. Harmonize fate and impact factors in scenario based assessments and LCA. Integration and connection to developments in other sectors Introduction Objectives Project logic GEO context DPSIR framework in EnerGEO Technology assessment Pilots EnerGEO portal PIA Wrap up WP7 Project Management

21. Thank you http://www.energeo-project.eu/ EnerGEO final event 24 & 25 October, 2013 Utrecht, the Netherlands