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i(t). C. v(t). I. i(t). v(t). R. v. i. t. L. i ( t ). -. +. v ( t ). X C. f. I. i(t). R. v(t). X L. f. complex circuit. simple circuit. 1. Z 1. v s. 2. 3. Z 3. Z 2. 1. Z 1. v s. 4. Z 4. 5. v s. Z 5. Z TH. v TH. 3. Z 3. 1. R 1. v s. 3. 2. R 3. C 2.
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i(t) C v(t)
I i(t) v(t) R
v i t
L i(t) - + v(t)
XC f
I i(t) R v(t)
XL f
complex circuit simple circuit
1 Z1 vs 2 3 Z3 Z2
1 Z1 vs 4 Z4
5 vs Z5
ZTH vTH 3 Z3
1 R1 vs 3 2 R3 C2
1 C1 vs 3 2 R3 R2
R1 L2 vs C3
XL R XC
1 vs 2 3
R vs C
1 R 3 vS 2 4 C L RL
i vS RL load source
i r RL vS Source emf + internal resistance load
vS vRL RL
i iRL RL
P PRL RL