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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Bacteria & Viruses. Chapter 10A. Bacteria. Characteristics of Bacteria. Very small, but largest in number Hard to study Can live almost anywhere Prokaryotic. Microbiology. The study of microbes (organisms that require a microscope to be seen).

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Bacteria & Viruses

  2. Chapter 10A Bacteria

  3. Characteristics of Bacteria • Very small, but largest in number • Hard to study • Can live almost anywhere • Prokaryotic

  4. Microbiology The study of microbes (organisms that require a microscope to be seen)

  5. Most bacteria are pathogenic (cause disease). • True • False

  6. Pathogenic: causing disease; bacteria and viruses Decomposers: organisms that break down organic substances; bacteria and fungi

  7. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan • “Extremophiles” • Thermoacidophiles • Methanogens • Halophiles

  8. Kingdom Eubacteria • The larger kingdom • Contains the bacteria people are most familiar with • Cell walls DO contain peptidoglycans • Very diverse

  9. Bacterial Shapes • Coccus: spherical • Bacillus: rod-shaped • Spirillum: spiral-shaped

  10. Uses of Bacteria • Most bacteria are NOT pathogenic. • Used in making cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut, and buttermilk • Form alcohol, lactic acid, and vinegar through fermentation

  11. Uses of Bacteria • Used in tanning leather and forming silage • Help break down food in the intestines • Source of antibiotics

  12. Uses of Bacteria • Through genetic engineering techniques, bacteria can be used to produce: • human insulin • blood proteins • other substances

  13. Uses of Bacteria • Bacteria and fungi are the primary decomposers in nature. • The process of bioremediation uses bacteria to break down harmful substances in the environment.

  14. Structure of a Bacterial Cell • Prokaryotic • Plasma (cell) membrane • Cell wall • Peptidoglycans • Gram’s staining • Capsule

  15. Structure of a Bacterial Cell • Nuclear area • Plasmids • Mesosomes • Ribosomes • Flagella

  16. BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH Reproduction is by simple binary fission that does NOT involve mitosis.

  17. Transfer of Genetic Material • Conjugation • Transformation • Transduction

  18. Bacteria and Nutrition • Autotrophic (some bacteria) • Photosynthetic • Chemosynthetic (converting inorganic compounds into usable forms)

  19. Bacteria and Nutrition • Heterotrophic (most bacteria) • Saprophytic • Parasitic • Obligate parasites

  20. Bacteria and Nutrition Heterotrophic Autotrophic Saprophytic Parasitic Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic

  21. Conditions for Bacterial Growth • Moisture • Temperature • pH • Nutrition

  22. Endospores: special spores produced by some bacteria that allow them to survive long periods of unfavorable growing conditions Ex: the bacterium that causes anthrax

  23. Bacteria and Oxygen • Obligate anaerobes • Obligate aerobes • Facultative anaerobes

  24. Other Bacteria • Rickettsiae • Intracellular parasites • Typhus fever • Rocky Mountain spotted fever

  25. Other Bacteria • Spirochetes • Larger than most bacteria • Many are corkscrew-shaped • Lyme disease

  26. Other Bacteria • Mycoplasmas • No cell wall • Some types of pneumonia, arthritis, and urinary tract infections

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