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Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

Congress of Vienna 1814-1815. Goals of the Congress. Peace settlement Legitimacy : restore “legal” governments ( hereditary monarchy ) Compensation : reward nations that helped to defeat Napoleon. Goals of the Congress.

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Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

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  1. Congress of Vienna 1814-1815

  2. Goals of the Congress • Peace settlement • Legitimacy: restore “legal” governments (hereditary monarchy) • Compensation: reward nations that helped to defeat Napoleon

  3. Goals of the Congress • Balance of power: agreed to keep any one country from becoming too powerful • Surround France with strong countries

  4. Quadruple Alliance • Austria • Prussia • Russia • Great Britain Prince Clemens von Metternich

  5. Key Representatives • Austria: Count Metternich • Great Britain: Lord Castlereagh • Prussia: King Frederick William • Russia: Czar Alexander I • France: Talleyrand

  6. Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Empire: ended & French borders returned to those of 1792 (before the war started) • Former royal family restored to the throne (i.e. Louis XVIII became King of France)

  7. Decisions Made at the Congress of Vienna • Borders changed to reward countries that helped to defeat Napoleon, to maintain the balance of power & to surround France with strong states

  8. Land Distribution • Prussia: given land along the Rhine, part of Saxony • Austria: given back Northern Italy; also to oversee the German Federation

  9. Land Distribution • Russia: given Poland • Great Britain: given various islands (i.e. Malta) & Cape Colony (southern tip of Africa)

  10. Land Distribution • Sweden: given Norway • Sardinia & Piedmont joined • Dutch Netherlands: given the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium)

  11. Land Distribution • Napoleon returned just before the treaty was finalized (the 100 Days); after he was defeated again (Waterloo), France was forced to pay an indemnity (payment for war costs)

  12. Post Vienna • Concert of Europe: • Countries had regular meetings to settle international problems

  13. Post Vienna • Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia, Austria) • Metternich System: • Defend absolute monarchy • Stamp out nationalism and liberalism

  14. Post Vienna • Nationalism: national pride; the desire of groups of people to have their own country and independent government based on nationality

  15. Post Vienna • Liberalism: based on the ideas of the Enlightenment & the moderate French Revolution; supported freedoms of speech, press, religion & trade and equality before the law

  16. Revolts/Revolutions… • Liberals in Spain & Nationalists in Italy tried to overthrow the monarchies • The Concert of Europe intervened and crushed these rebellions

  17. Revolts/Revolutions… • BUT… • In Latin America many countries became independent from Spain and Portugal

  18. Napoleon’s Legacy • Millions of people died in the wars • BUT Napoleon had spread the revolutionary ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism • Ideas that continue to affect the world today • France has 4 more revolutions in the 1800’s!

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