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Disaster Preparedness Pandemic Influenza Virus prevention Measures

Margie Parham PhD student Walden University PUBH: 8165-1 Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Raymond Thron Winter, 2011. Disaster Preparedness Pandemic Influenza Virus prevention Measures. Discuss the origins and history of the influenza virus. Describe the types of influenza viruses.

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Disaster Preparedness Pandemic Influenza Virus prevention Measures

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  1. Margie Parham PhD student Walden University PUBH: 8165-1 Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Raymond Thron Winter, 2011 Disaster PreparednessPandemic Influenza Virus prevention Measures

  2. Discuss the origins and history of the influenza virus. Describe the types of influenza viruses. Identify the transmission routes of influenza virus. Describe the importance of receiving the influenza vaccine. Discuss the role of the nursing student in closing the gaps of patient knowledge deficit related to the myths of influenza vaccine? Learning Outcomesthe learner should be able to accomplish the following:

  3. 20th Century • Three Outbreaks of Influenza worldwide • Respiratory Illnesses: Contagious (human to human) Occupational Safety Health Agency, 2009. Pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance for healthcare workers and healthcare employers. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf World Health Organization. 2009. Influenza seasonal. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html Pandemic influenza virus

  4. 3 types Influenza Viruses: • Type A = pandemic influenza only, seasonal • Subtypes: A (H1N1), A (H3N2) • Type B= seasonal • Type C= mild symptoms Pandemic Influenza Virus: 3 types • Occupational Safety Health Agency, 2009. Pandemic influenza preparedness and response guidance for healthcare workers and healthcare employers. Retrieved from http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf • World Health Organization. 2009. Influenza seasonal. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html

  5. The first United States case of H1N1 occurred in Southern California and near Guadalupe County, Texas, April 2009. • Mexico and Canada reported H1N1 cases Georgia State University. 2010. Office of Emergence Management. H1N1 General Info. Retrieved from http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html. H1N1: Swine flu

  6. “Swine flu” • Genes of the virus were similar to pigs of North America • Two of the genes of the flu viruses were from Europe, and Asia • Avian (chickens) and human genes “ Quadruple Reassortant” virus Georgia State University. 2010. Office of Emergence Management. H1N1 General Info. Retrieved from http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html. H1N1- Swine Flu

  7. Symptoms • Fever, chills • Coughing • Sore throat • Body aches • Vomiting • Diarrhea (children) • Spread from person to person • Droplets: person talk or sneeze • Spread to others that are close to the infected person: • Mouth • Nose Contagious: Influenza CDC. 2010. Seasonal flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm

  8. 1976 to 2006 deaths range 3,000-49,000 • First flu pandemic in 40 years, 2009-2010 • United States mortality 12,000 • January 2-8, 2011, WHO, (2011) reported worldwide 4,331 specimen, 706 positive influenza A • Four deaths, (two influenza A; two influenza B) http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm#whatis CDC. 2011. Flu view: A weekly influenza surveillance report prepared by the influenza division. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm#whatis History of Influenza Virus

  9. Virus enters the body from day 1-4 • Last 5-7days. • Contagious: • 1-4 day • No symptoms • Children > 7 days Centers for Control and Prevention. 2010. Seasonal influenza flu: How flu is spread. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/spread.htm Influenza: Contagious

  10. Louie, Acosta, Jamieson, & Honein (2010) reported 95% of pregnant women with H1N1 influenza suffer severe illnesses and require critical care or die from complications. • 2009 increase in influenza cause an increase in the maternal mortality rate in the United States • Women receiving antiviral medication after 48 hours are at high risk for hospitalization. CDC recommendation for antiviral medication of pregnant women is immediate treatment up to 48 hours. WHO. 2011. Global Alert and Response.CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retreivedromhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html Louie, J. K., Acosta, M., Jamieson, D. J. & Honein, M. A. (2010). Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in California. New England Journal of Medicine. 362, 27-35. Centers for Control and Prevention. 2010. Seasonal influenza flu: How flu is spread. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/spread.htm Data Statistics: influenza Virus

  11. In 2009, CDC and WHO reported cases of Influenza worldwide: • Hospitalizations: 192 million to 398 million • Cases: 43 million to 88 million • Deaths: 8,720 to 18,050 WHO. 2011. Global Alert and Response.CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html Worldwide: Influenza

  12. The who has reported cases of influenza A (H5N1) • Asia, Africa, Pacific and Europe • Indonesia and Vietnam have the highest • In Egypt they reported 121 confirmed cases • 40 have been fatal WHO. 2011. Global Alert and Response.CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retreivedromhttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html CDC, 2010. H1N1 Data Statistics influenza

  13. Understanding the Seriousness of Influenza Virus Cold Flu • Respiratory illness • Viruses (different) • Symptoms: • Milder • Runny or stuffy nose • No serious health problems • Respiratory illness • Viruses (different) • Hospitalization • Intense symptoms: • Fever • Body aches • Extreme tiredness • Dry cough • Secondary complications: • Pneumonia, bacteria infections CDC.(2010). Cold versus flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/couldflu.htm

  14. Prevention: Protect your health • Cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze or cough (tissue or bend of your arm) • Throw away tissue • Use alcohol hand sanitizer • Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth • Stay home if you are sick until 24 hours after fever (100 F or 37.8 C)is gone [http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html] • Limit contact with others Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/jpreventing.htm U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

  15. Public Health Promotion: Vaccine • Payaprom, Bennett, Burnard, Alabaster & Tantipong (2009) qualitative study found: • Misconceptions about influenza among the Thai people • Influenza can cause the flu • Only listen to family members advice • Elderly with chronic illnesses more readily to get vaccinated • In 2004 outbreak of Influenza motivated Thai public health government: • Free vaccine, accessible possible increase vaccination • Elderly > 65 with Chronic Diseases • Educating the elderly and family members importance of vaccination • Examining any cultural health beliefs • Misunderstandings and myths • Healthcare providers to promote influenza vaccination • Payaprom, Y., Bennett, P., Burnard, P., Alabaster, E. & Tantipong. (2009). • Understandings of influenza and influenza vaccination among high risk urban • Dwelling Thai adults: a qualitative study. Journal of Public Health. 32 (1). 26-31.

  16. 1st (most important) • Protects against the three viruses • Influenza A - H3N2 • Influenza B • 2009 - H1N1 • High risk populations As early as 6 months of age Children younger than 6 months can not receive the vaccine Person caring (vaccinated) Prevention: Step 1 Flu Vaccine Centers for Control Disease and Prevention. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm

  17. Vaccines: Shot or Nasal Spray • Children: 6-9 • One dose of seasonal flu vaccine • If vaccinated in the past • Two doses of seasonal vaccine • First time receiving the vaccine • Nasal Spray • 2 > older • Adults: 10-49 • One dose vaccine shot • Nasal spray • Healthy • No medical conditions • Pregnant Women • One dose vaccine shot only • Adults: 50 > • One dose vaccine shot only Centers for Control Disease and Prevention. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm

  18. Infection control • Wash your hands with soap and water or alcohol hand rub • Avoid touching eyes, mouth, and nose • Stay home if sick • Isolation to protect others Prevention: Step 2 Influenza Centers for Control Disease and Prevention. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/preventing.htm

  19. Can not get the vaccination if history of: • Asthma • HIV/AIDS • Children 5 < wheezing • Children and Adolescents (ASA therapy) • Gullain-Barre’ Syndrome (GBS) [no shot] • Allergic to Chicken Eggs [no shot] • Allergic to Nasal Spray vaccine [no shot] Prevention: Chronic conditions U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html

  20. Elderly • 4 times higher dose • 3 flu strains • Allergies • Chicken eggs • Cell based vaccine (2011) U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html Fluzone High dose & Allergies

  21. Prescriptions for treating the flu • Prevent infection • Milder symptoms • 70-90% effective • Healthy person will be around someone with flu • Children >1 • Adults Antiviral Drugs U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html; http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html

  22. The more people vaccinated in a community strengthens the community against the spread of influenza. • If a patient has a cold • Weak immune system • Body fight the “cold virus” • Myth • Influenza vaccination causes the flu U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html Patient Teaching: myths or truths

  23. Tamiflu and Relenza (generic names oseltamivir and zanamivir) Pills (Tamiflu) Liquids (Tamiflu) Inhaled powder (Relenza) Use within 24-48 hours U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html; http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html Antivirals: medication names

  24. Disaster Preparedness Prevention Measure for Pandemic Influenza Thank you all for your time The end: “new beginnings of knowledge”

  25. The following sources will provide information for patient education and explaining the importance of prevention measures to avoid disasters and the spread of the influenza virus globally. Further Sources

  26. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/couldflu.htm http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/jpreventing.htm http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html List of Websites Resources:

  27. Georgia State University. 2010. Office of Emergence Management. H1N1 General Info. Retrieved from http://www.gsu.edu/oem/37808.html Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2010). CDC says “take 3” actions to fight the flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/jpreventing.htm References

  28. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. (2010). Cold versus flu. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/couldflu.htm Louie, J. K., Acosta, M., Jamieson, D. J. & Honein, M. A. (2010). Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in California. New England Journal of Medicine. 362, 27-35.

  29. Payaprom, Y., Bennett, P., Burnard, P., Alabaster, E. & Tantipong. (2009). Understandings of influenza and influenza vaccination among high risk urban Dwelling Thai adults: a qualitative study. Journal of Public Health. 32 (1). 26

  30. U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html;http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. Flu.gov. (2011). Prevention and treatment. Retrieved from http://pandemicflu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/index.html;http://www.flu.gov/individualfamily/prevention/medicine/index.html

  31. World Health Organization. 2011. Global Alert and Responses. CDC Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Influenza Cases, Hospitalizations and Deaths in the United States, April 2009 – March 13, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_01_20/en/index.html

  32. Questions Comments Questions

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