Defensive Driving - Light Vehicles TYCO FIRE & SECURITY (I) PVT . LTD .

1. Defensive Driving - Light Vehicles TYCO FIRE & SECURITY (I) PVT . LTD.

2. Course Aims • To reduce vehicle accidents by giving all drivers the knowledge on how to correctly apply the techniques of defensive driving. • To develop and fully utilise visual search techniques. • To further develop drivers competence in safe vehicle operations. • To provide an understanding of the risks involved and the precautions to be taken.

3. Course Objectives • To increase driver awareness of HSE Standards in relation to driving. • To provide the attendee with the relevant understanding of driving requirements. • To help drivers assess traffic hazards and respond in a controlled manner. • To provide the attendee with the relevant driving skills to recognize and avoid potential and actual driving hazards. • Local traffic rules and regulations.

4. Policy • HSE STANDARDS • COUNTRY DRIVING RULES • DRIVING OPERATIONS • JOURNEY MANAGEMENT • ACCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURE (FOR OTHERS)

5. Course Contents • SKILLS, PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF DEFENSIVE DRIVING • SUBSTANCE ABUSE • OVERTAKING • DAILY VEHICLE CHECKS • TYRE MANAGEMENT - SEAT BELTS • DRIVING ASSESSMENTS

8. HAVE YOU SAVED A LIFE TODAY? Come Home Safely !! WE NEED YOU.

9. What is Defensive Driving? Defensive driving involves the ability to plan well ahead; predict the actions of other road users and compensate for their mistakes. It also places a great deal of emphasis on the development of hazard awareness

10. Defensive Driving • THE FOLLOWING BEHAVIOUR IS ALL TOO COMMON AMONG BAD DRIVERS: • Aggression towards other road users. • Reacting hostile to actions of others. • Selfish or rude behaviour. • Progress is what counts (be first to the next red light?). • Safety margins being compromised. • Increased stress and fatigue. • Failure to project the required company image.

11. Defensive Driving A GOOD defensive driver attitude would be: • To show consideration and courtesy to all other road users. • Not to react in a hostile way to the inconsiderate actions of others. • To remain composed in difficult situations. • To make sensible progress on all classes of roads. • To leave yourself with proper safety margins and time.

12. SKILLS OF A DEFENSIVE DRIVER • Awareness. • Anticipation. • Good attitude. • Observation. • Patience. • Consideration. • Skilful use of vehicle controls. • Speed control. • CONCENTRATION.

13. Defensive Driving • A GOOD PROFESSIONAL DEFENSIVE DRIVER WILL:- • Observe • Early observation gives time to react and room to manoeuvre. • Anticipate • Reduces reaction time and will increase safety margins. • Plan ahead and base decisions on • What you can see, can’t see and what might happen. • Restrain yourself • If in doubt, hold back. (Take your time - what is the rush?)

14. Defensive Driving • A GOOD PROFESSIONAL DEFENSIVE DRIVER WILL :- (CONTINUED) • Position the vehicle effectively • To suit varying road and traffic conditions • Drive with the correct speed of approach • To allow time to assess and negotiate hazards • Select the correct gear • To suit varying road and traffic conditions • Have a good knowledge of the traffic rules

15. And he calls himself a driver HA! Common Causes of Accidents • Speeding. • “S” Pattern lane changes. • Lack of anticipation. • Lack / No - Vehicle Control. • Weather and road conditions. • Other drivers stupidity. (Never ours?) • Faulty vehicle.

16. DON’T GET STUCK WHEN OVERTAKING

17. DON’T TAILGATE! Stay well back from the vehicle in front to make it easier to see ahead - remember the 2 second rule BEFORE OVERTAKING • a clear space to your left - no-one overtaking you MIRROR - SIGNAL-MANOUEVRE! Check your mirrors first - pay attention to the traffic around you. • a safe gap ahead of the vehicle for you to move into WATCH OUT! Don’t copy another vehicle overtaking. There might not be enough space for you to move back in. a clear road ahead - nothing approaching you • safe space - no hazards - road works, narrow road, hill, bridge READ THE LINES! Never cross a solid white line to overtake - it means you are approaching a hazard.

18. HE WHO HESITATES IS LOST! Other drivers may be waiting for you to complete the move. WHEN OVERTAKING • get back in lane as soon as you can - but don’t cut in Never do anything that will cause another driver to brake or take avoiding action move quickly past the vehicle - be decisive • only overtake on the left if the vehicle in front is signaling right and you have enough room to pass safely Stay back and check for hazards on the inside before you attempt this

19. WATCH OUT FOR ... • stay away from the back wheels of bicycles and motorbikes • give them plenty of space • don’t pull in too quickly after passing drop back so you can see the whole vehicle be sure their load is secure and there are no ropes or poles sticking out give them extra space in windy conditions

20. Never Overtake a vehicle stopped at a pedestrian crossing after a NO OVERTAKING sign (wait until you pass a sign canceling the restriction) when you are not 100% safe, e.g. approaching a corner or bend a bridge or hill a junction if you will cause conflict with other road users approaching road works (traffic cones are a good clue) near a school (never pass a school bus surrounded by children) queuing traffic (you can’t know what they’re queuing for) and finally … if the slower lane beside you is empty ... move into it and let other vehicles pass you

21. MIRRORS

22. WHEN BEING OVERTAKEN Keep a steady speed - don’t speed up and cause a problem for the driver passing you Drop back and maintain the 2-second rule if they cut in suddenly - it’s your responsibility not to tailgate (even if they’re the rude ones) If another driver makes a mistake - let them in - there’s no sense making the situation worse and putting everyone in danger If another driver is in trouble - needs to suddenly get in front of you to avoid a collision - be gracious, slow down and let them in

23. Daily Vehicles Checks • P.O.W.E.R • Petrol • Oil • Water • Electrics • Rubber

24. PRE / POST TRIP CHECK SHEET

25. Tyre Checks • Pressure • Wear • Tread • Dust Cap • Security of Wheel Nuts • Spare Wheel

26. Have you checked your tyres today?

27. Seat Belts

28. Reversing Vehicles • A high percentage of vehicle accidents • All vehicles to have reversing lights fitted. (Alarms where required) • Where possible when reversing, get a helper to direct you. • Always check behind the vehicle before reversing. • Safe practice, vehicles should be parked in such a way to allow immediate forward motion if required.

29. Fitness to Drive • ALCOHOL • DRUGS • MEDICATION • FIT FOR DUTY • WELL RESTED

30. Basic Driving Principles • Stay in your Defensive Zone. • Anticipate the actions of other road users. • Follow at a safe distance. • Expect the unexpected. • Take nothing for granted. • Your life may depend on it. S.A.F.E.T.Y.

31. Five Features of Car Control • INFORMATION Take, use and give • POSITION • SPEED • GEAR • ACCELERATION

32. Potential

33. Actual

34. The Driving Plan • What can you see ? • What can`t you see ? • What might happen if ? • If in doubt, YIELD 100% • Escape - Defensive Zone.

35. Driving Plan

37. Blind Spots & Mirrors I’m in the “NO ZONE”

38. THE “NO ZONE” Safe Distance Rule LESS THAN 2 SECONDS AWAY FROM AN ACCIDENT!

39. Safe Distance Rule 2 SECONDS - OK!!

40. Thinking Distance • Time it takes for the average person to react to a hazard before we apply the foot brake. • AVERAGE PERSON TAKES 0.7 OF ONE SECOND TO REACT.

41. Braking Distance • This is the distance it takes to actually stop the vehicle when you apply the footbrake.

42. Overall Stopping Distance

43. Actual Vehicle Accident

44. DONT! Running off the road - "Dipping a Wheel" • Fight the wheel. • Attempt to follow the road. • Brake hard • ABS Brakes - Different Application. • Accelerate. • Panic. ALL OF THESE CAN LEAD TO THE ‘S’ PATTERN SKID

45. DO! Running off the road - "Dipping a Wheel" • Grip the wheel firmly. • Take your foot off the accelerator. • Apply controlled braking. • ABS Brakes - Different Application. • Stop. • Check the vehicle/tyres. • Using the appropriate precautions select a safe route to return to the road

46. DONT! Skidding • Make sharp turns. • Accelerate or brake before you regain control of the vehicle. • ABS Brakes - Different Application • PANIC.

47. DO! Skidding • Grip the wheel firmly. • Turn the wheel in the direction you want the front of the vehicle to go. • Take your foot off the accelerator. • ABS Brakes - Different Application • Take your foot off the brake.

48. Driving in Fog / Mist

49. Rain and Hydroplaning

50. Night Driving