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Global Climate Change A Major Threat ! A Unique Opportunity ?

Global Climate Change A Major Threat ! A Unique Opportunity ?. An Extinction Crisis We are losing species We are losing forest and other habitats We are seeing the erosion of critical ecosystem services . Loss is Irreversible !.

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Global Climate Change A Major Threat ! A Unique Opportunity ?

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  1. Global Climate Change A Major Threat ! A Unique Opportunity ?

  2. An Extinction Crisis We are losing species We are losing forest and other habitats We are seeing the erosion of critical ecosystem services

  3. Loss is Irreversible !

  4. Critically Endangered and Endangered Primates 32.4% CR + EN

  5. Be Strategic Set Priorities (based on the best available Science)

  6. Basic Premises All biodiversity is important, and all nations should do everything possible to conserve their living resources, but …

  7. Basic Premises Biodiversity is by no means evenly distributed over the face of our planet Rather, it is heavily concentrated in a relatively small total area, a large portion of which have been heavily impacted by human activities

  8. and…. as it turns out, these areas also happen to have some of the highest ecosystem service values, and are thus especially valuable in terms of human well-being – providing us with many potential Win-Win Situations

  9. Setting Priorities Hotspots High Biodiversity Wilderness Areas Megadiversity Countries

  10. HOTSPOTS Prioritizing Areas of High Irreplaceability (Endemic Species) and High Threat

  11. HOTSPOTS Norman Myers 1988, 1990 Conservation International 1989-1995, 1996-1999, 2002-2004 MacArthur Foundation 1989 - ~1999

  12. HOTSPOTS Earth’s 35 Richest and Most Endangered Ecoregions

  13. HOTSPOTS Original Extent23,490,101 km2 15.7%of Earth’s land surface

  14. HOTSPOTS 86+% Lost

  15. HOTSPOTS Area Remaining Intact 3,385,341 km2 2.3%of Earth’s land surface

  16. Plant Endemism in the Hotspots 150,000 species 50%of all plants as endemics

  17. Vertebrate Endemism in the Hotspots 12,065 species 42%of all vertebratesas endemics

  18. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

  19. Threatened Species in Hotspots (CR, EN, VU) Birds 83% Mammals 82% Amphibians 90%

  20. HOTSPOTS:KEY POINTS Not Just Tropical Rain Forest Not Just Species Richness or Endemism Concentration of Endemism at Higher Taxonomic Levels (Endemic Genera, Families) Deep Lineages / Evolutionary History

  21. MADAGASCAR

  22. Madagascar Plants 14-15,000 spp. 80+% endemic / found nowhere else on Earth

  23. 363 species 92% endemic

  24. 244 species known 119-221 new species (373-465)

  25. Endemic Families Endemic Genera

  26. ENDEMISM AT THE FAMILY LEVEL (PLANTS + VERTEBRATES) MADAGASCAR 25 NEW ZEALAND 7 CHILEAN WINTER RAINFALL / VALDIVIAN FORESTS 7 NEW CALEDONIA 7 CAPE FLORISTIC REGION 5 SUNDALAND 3 JAPAN 3 CARIBBEAN 2+ SW AUSTRALIA 2 INDO-BURMA 2 SW CHINA 2

  27. ENDEMISM AT THE GENERIC LEVEL (PLANTS + VERTEBRATES) MADAGASCAR 478 CARIBBEAN 269 ATLANTIC FOREST 210 SUNDALAND 199 EASTERN AFROMONTANE 178 CAPE FLORISTIC REGION 162 MESOAMERICA 138 WESTERN GHATS / SRI LANKA 125 NEW CALEDONIA 122 HIMALAYA 107

  28. Lemurs 5 families 15 genera 103 species 100% endemic

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