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NUTRIENTS

NUTRIENTS. The stuff that fills us up, and makes our bodies work!. Definition Bad nutrition A condition that develops from over or under consumption of energy/nutrients Examples: Over-nutrition – obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers

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NUTRIENTS

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  1. NUTRIENTS The stuff that fills us up, and makes our bodies work!

  2. Definition • Bad nutrition • A condition that develops from over or under consumption of energy/nutrients • Examples: • Over-nutrition – obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers • Occurs when energy intake is more than energy output • Most common in North America • Typically due to high fat diet • Under-nutrition – kwashiorkor, goiter, xerophalmia • Malabsorption, diet lacking micronutrients, diet lacking macronutrients What’s Malnutrition anyways?

  3. MACRONUTRIENTS • The main nutrients that the body needs in large portions • MICRONUTRIENTS • Nutrients that the body needs in lesser portions There are 2 categories of nutrients…

  4. Carbohydrates (CHO) • (C)arbon; (H)ydrogen & (O)xygen • Photosynthesis of plants – therefore the SOURCE is grains and vegetable & fruit group of the food guide (also dairy) • Function – energy • Types – complex/polysaccharides (starches, glycogen, cellulose) and simple/mono/disaccharides(sugars) • Fibre – soluble and insoluble MacroNutrients

  5. Fats • Function • Energy, flavour, essential fatty acids • Dissolves and carries in the body vitamins A, D, E & K • Many more… insulation, protection, nerve transmission… • Sources • Meat, dairy, nuts and seeds, oils/margarines, lesser amounts in fruits and vegetables MacroNutrientscontinued….

  6. Types • Generally are all (95%) triglycerides – made of a gycerol chain and 3 fatty acids • Saturated – animal sources – solid at room temperature • Unsaturated – plant sources – liquid at room temperature • Monounsaturated (MUFA) • Polyunsaturaed (PUFA)  ESSENTIAL – body cant make it • The other 5% of fat is cholesterol (from egg yolks) Fats Continued…

  7. Protein • Built of AMINO ACIDS • There are lots of amino acids – only 9 are essential – meaning they are not produced in the body • Function • Build and repair body tissues • Enzymes, antibodies, metabolic, fluid balance, cell structure, hormones, transportation… • Types • Complete – contains the 9 essential amino acids, from animal sources • Incomplete – missing 2 or 3 essential amino acids, from plant sources MacroNutrientscontinued….

  8. Vitamins • Function • Regulates body processes – each vitamin affects different systems/processes • Do NOT produce energy • Antioxidants, vision, mineral absorption, blood clotting, bone production • Types • Fat Soluble – A, D, E, & K • Water Soluble – B’s (thiamine, riboflavin, b12, folic acid, niacin) & C • Sources • Many types of foods especially fruits and vegetables • Food can also be enriched/supplemented/ fortified MicroNutrients

  9. Minerals • Function • Regulate body processes such as healthy teeth, bones, fluid balance, muscle contractions, oxygen transport in blood, and nervous system function • Types • Major – calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium – body needs more than 100mg • Trace – iron, iodine, fluorine, zinc – body needs less than 100mg • Sources • Enter food we eat from soil or foods can be enriched/supplemented MicroNutrientscontinued….

  10. Water • Up to 70% of our body is water • Muscles – 75% water • Fat – 50% water • Bone – 50% water • Blood – 90% water • Need 8 glasses of fluids per day • If you are thirsty you are already dehydrated MOST IMPORTANT Nutrient OF ALL

  11. Functions • Transports nutrients/waste in body • Lubricates joints • Regulates body temperature • Digestive, absorption, circulatory and excretory functions • Can only live approximately 2 days without any source of water, whereas you can live weeks or months without food Water Continued…

  12. What are the 2 groups of nutrients called? • Macronutrients • Micronutrients • What are the 3 macronutrients? • Carbohydrates • Fat • Protein • What are the 2 micronutrients? • Vitamins • Minerals • What is the MOST important nutrient? • WATER! RECAP

  13. What was one of the functions of CHO? • What is one of the TRACE minerals? • What are the FAT soluble vitamins? • How do you get all essential amino acids? • How can you tell the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat? • What is malnutrition? • WHAT OTHER FUN FACTS DID YOU LEARN ABOUT NUTRIENTS?! =) RECAP Continued…

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