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Context of Decision Making

Context of Decision Making. Module 2. Part 1: Determinants of ddu. Part 1: Session Objectives. Highlight the determinants of data use List potential barriers to data use Introduce the Action Plan to Address Barriers to Data Use tool. TECHNICAL. ORGANIZATIONAL. BEHAVIORAL.

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Context of Decision Making

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  1. Context of Decision Making Module 2

  2. Part 1: Determinants of ddu

  3. Part 1: Session Objectives • Highlight the determinants of data use • List potential barriers to data use • Introduce the Action Plan to Address Barriers to Data Use tool

  4. TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORAL What Determines Data Demand & Use? * Based on PRISM analytical framework (LaFond, Fields et al. 2005 The PRISM: An Analytical Framework for Understanding Performance of Health Information Systems in Developing Countries. MEASURE Evaluation).

  5. Data are often underutilized because of… Technical constraints • Individual technical skills • Availability of computers • Data system design • Definition of indicators • Lack of data quality assurance protocols

  6. Data are often underutilized because of… Organizational constraints • Structural – roads, telecommunication • Organizational – clarity of roles, support, flow of information • Political interference

  7. Data are often underutilized because of… Individual constraints • Decision-maker attitudes, • Staff motivation, • Lack of “data culture”

  8. TECHNICAL ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORAL What Determines Data Demand & Use? CULTURE SOCIETY POLITICS * Based on PRISM analytical Fields et al. 2005 The PRISM: An Analytical Framework for Understanding Performance of Health Information Systems in Developing Countries. MEASURE Evaluation).

  9. Group Participation What barriers have you faced to using or getting others to use data and information?

  10. Assessment of Data Use Constraints Tool • Purpose • To improve understanding of the demand for data and the constraints to data use • Description • Key informant interview guide designed to identify constraints • Identifies effective practices in data use • Two versions – Facility-level assessment & national and subnational assessments

  11. Assessment of Data Use Constraints Tool

  12. Action Planfor Addressing Barriers to Data Use

  13. Small Group Activity 2: Instructions Choose a note taker Discuss barriers to data use experienced in your work. Here are some questions to start your discussion: • Have you ever had an experience while making a policy or program-related decision when you were concerned about the quality of the information being used? • Does your agency have the technical capacity to ensure access to and availability of reliable data? • What specific challenges have you experienced among your staff when it comes to using data? • How does your organization support having the necessary information to make decisions? Time for activity: 1 hour

  14. Action Plan forAddressing Barriers to Data Use

  15. Small Group Activity: Report Back • Share priority barriers • Discuss solutions crafted • Present action plan for two priority barriers • Time for report back: Each group has 10–15 minutes

  16. Part 2: Context of decision making

  17. Part 2: Session Objectives • Explain the context of decision making • Define the concept of stakeholders • Explain the importance of involving stakeholders throughout the data use in decision making cycle • Introduce the Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement tools

  18. Group Participation How can we ensure that information is being used to make diagnoses and inform decisions?

  19. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  20. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  21. What Is a Stakeholder? Any person, group, or organization with a particular interest in a policy or program • Government agencies • Beneficiaries • Policymakers • Funding agencies • Providers / implementers • Civil society • Researchers • M&E specialists

  22. Stakeholders • Nongovernmental organizations • Professional associations • Religious leaders • Journalists/media • Private sector/business

  23. Data Producers vs. Data Users Data producers think that decision makers: • Value “political” considerations over evidence • Are unprepared to measure or evaluate the consequences of their decisions Decision makers or data users think that health researchers and M&E specialists: • Lack responsiveness to priorities • Favor numbers / jargon to transparent communication • Prefer written reports to face-to-face conversation

  24. Importance of Knowing Your Stakeholders • View activities from different perspectives • Have different degrees of understanding • Need/want different information • Need information at different levels of complexity • Have different intensities of interest • Have different roles in the decision-making process

  25. Results of Involving Stakeholders in Data Use Process Relevance of data Ownership of data Appropriate dissemination of data Use of data

  26. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix & Engagement Plan • Clarify who has interest in a program and what that interest is • Identify who can help a program and how, and who can hurt it • Help you use this information for the success of the planning effort

  27. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix The Stakeholder Analysis Matrix is a framework and process for: • Identifying stakeholders • Defining their roles and resources • Identifying dynamics among stakeholders • Setting the optimum stakeholder group

  28. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix

  29. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix Program issue Develop plan (inc. M&E plan) to scale up PMTCT programs throughout system. Proposed activity Convene stakeholders to identify priorities based on available data and develop action plan. Date November 2006

  30. How to Involve Stakeholders • Quarterly program management meetings • Quarterly meetings to interpret RHIS data • Involvement of facility staff to interpret program data • M&E system improvement • Indicator planning and/or harmonization • Data quality review meetings

  31. Stakeholder Engagement Plan Program issue Proposed activity Date

  32. Stakeholder Engagement Plan Program issueDevelop plan (inc. M&E plan) to scale up PMTCT programs throughout system. Proposed activity Convene stakeholders to identify priorities based on available data and develop action plan. Date November 2006

  33. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  34. Decision Areas • Program design and evaluation • Program management and improvement • Strategic planning • Advocacy and policy development

  35. Program Design and Evaluation • Design • Select messages for prevention campaigns • Evaluation • Determine if new program approaches are needed to ensure that health impact objectives are met

  36. Program Management and Improvement • Management • Determine if the program is meeting its process objectives • Improvement • Develop new strategies to increase coverage

  37. Strategic Planning • Identify geographic areas of highest need • Determine human resource allocation • Determine which of offered services is making the greatest impact

  38. Advocacy and Policy Development • Identifying and quantifying underserved populations • Identifying focus areas for new policies

  39. Context of Decision Making Data Stake-holders Decisions

  40. Data and Information • Census • Vital events data • Surveillance data • Household surveys • Facilities-level service statistics • Financial and management information • Modeling, estimates, and projections • Health research

  41. Factors Other than Data that Influence Decisions Political Ideology Arbitrariness Data Competing Priorities Public Opinion Decisions Stake-holders Power Relationships

  42. Strengthening the Decision-making Process Stakeholders Involve new counterparts Decisions Understand service delivery realities Data May require additional data

  43. Small Group Activity 3: Instructions • Break into small groups. • Each group should select a decision that they make in their work settings and complete the Stakeholder Analysis Matrix around that decision. • A minimum of 7 stakeholders should be identified. • Complete the Matrix across the columns for 1–2 stakeholders. • Select one stakeholder and complete the Stakeholder Engagement Plan for that stakeholder. • Time for activity: 45 minutes

  44. Group Work Report Back • Have note taker transfer your final Stakeholder Analysis Matrix onto flip chart paper • Share the decision your group chose • Share the priority stakeholders selected • Choose 1 stakeholder and share the entire row from the Matrix for that stakeholder • Share the Engagement Plan for the same stakeholder • Time for report back: 10–15 min per group

  45. THANK YOU! MEASURE Evaluation is a MEASURE project funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and implemented by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International, ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. Views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. MEASURE Evaluation is the USAID Global Health Bureau's primary vehicle for supporting improvements in monitoring and evaluation in population, health and nutrition worldwide. Visit us online at http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure

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