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Lecture 3 Announcements

Lecture 3 Announcements. HW#2 Due Wednesday January 21, 2010 Class website: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/jcarol/index.html and click on class link. Quick Review. Why do we take this class? What is biomaterial? Should read the first chapter in your book (short chapter!)

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Lecture 3 Announcements

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  1. Lecture 3Announcements HW#2 Due Wednesday January 21, 2010 Class website: http://biosystems.okstate.edu/Home/jcarol/index.html and click on class link BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  2. Quick Review Why do we take this class? What is biomaterial? Should read the first chapter in your book (short chapter!) Today: Cell Structure Friday (21st): Physical Attributes Read pgs. 11 - 20 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  3. Graphic: www.eng.auburn.edu/.../plant_cell_structure.gif New cell wall production and motility Formation of chemical energy, aerobic respiration from ATP Protein synthesis and transport, rough contains ribosomes, smooth transports Synthesis of proteins Form and stability to cell, protective barrier Synthesizes cell wall components Cell Handout Selective permeable boundary between cell contents and wall, Cytoplasm: contains organelles, transportation synthesis functions Plastid that contains chlorophyll, photosynthesis…sunlight to energy in the form of carbs. Contains pectin, lignon. Provides support and flexibility between cells “junkyard”, synthetic and degradative functions (low PH..acidic) Assist in photosynthesis, respiration, breakdown of “trash” for recycling RNA BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Contains cell genetic code, cell “brain”, DNA Nucleoplasm

  4. Graphic: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PlantTissues.html Tissues and Functions Epidermis (Protective): clear covering outermost part of plant protects plant from loss of water to air allows gas entry and exit allows roots to absorb water BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  5. Tissues and Functions Parenchyma: Found in leaves Either contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis or store food Collenchyma: Found in leaves Support leaf or stem BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  6. Tissues and Functions Sclerenchyma Made of either fiber or sclerid Fibrous: have a secondary cell wall and usually means the cells are dead…give flexibility and support Sclerid: more pronounced secondary wall and provide hardness…coverings such as nut shells (coconuts, pecans..) BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  7. Graphic: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Roots.html Tissues and Functions Endodermis: One layer thick Found in root system Direct water and minerals from soil to controlling plant tissue BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  8. Graphic: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Roots.html Tissues and Functions Primary Xylem: Combination of 4 cell types Vessel elements Tracheids Fibers Parenchyma cells All die except parenchyma when they mature Responsible for water transport in plant, vertical and horizontal movement BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  9. Graphic: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Roots.html Tissues and Functions Primary Phloem Four cell types Sieve tube Companion cells Fiber cells Parenchyma cells Storage and lateral transport of food materials BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  10. Graphic: www.eng.auburn.edu/~wfgale/usda_couse/section0_images_2/syle Vascular Cambium: Between xylem and phloem Provides new cells to xylem and phloem protects plant from loss of water to air Cork Cambium: Outside of phloem Prevents water loss from the interior of plant Protects interior from environmental extremes Example: tree bark BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  11. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration Goal: Convert carbon-containing compounds into energy for life processes Carried out in the mitochondria Two Types: Aerobic: uses oxygen as electron acceptor Anaerobic: uses other compounds for cellular respirtaion Both types start with glycolysis BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  12. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm Takes a molecule of glucose (6 carbon sugar molecule) Converts it to pyruvic acid Changes in molecules happen because of enzymatic activity Enzymes: protein molecules that facilitate reactions Involves energy (use, production…) BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  13. Anaerobic Respiration Electron acceptor is NOT oxygen. AKA…FERMENTATION Two types of fermentation: lactic acid and alcoholic BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  14. Aerobic Respiration Majority of organisms respire aerobically Terminal electron acceptor is oxygen Consists of 2 processes: Kreb’s (aka Citric Acid) Cycle Electron transport chain Kreb’s Cycle: produces CO2 and H2O Electron Transport …transports electrons!!! From high energy compounds to lower energy compounds Final receptor is oxygen molecules BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  15. Respiration Aerobic respiration is more efficient at producing energy for the plant Some organisms (known as facultative anaerobes or aerobes) can do either kind of respiration Example: yeast With oxygen, use citric cycle and et to produce their energy Without oxygen, use alcoholic fermentation…produce ethyl alcohol BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  16. Photosynthesis Heterotrophs: consume their energy Autotrophs: produce their own food Plants are autotrophs Use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates and oxygen BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  17. Photosynthesis Light Reactions Photosystem I: absorbs sunlight by chlorophyll molecule Photosystem II: converts two water molecules into electrons, protons, one water molecule and ½ oxygen molecule. Electron transfer releases energy Oxygen is either used in the cycle or given off through respiration BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  18. 0.5 Visible Near Infrared Reflectance (%) Measure of living plant cell’s ability to reflect infrared light 0.25 PhotosyntheticPotential Plant Reflectance 0.00 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 Wavelength (nm) BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  19. Photosynthesis Dark Reactions Do not require light AKA carbon fixation reactions Carbon from CO2 is used to make sugars like glucose Requires light reaction products (NADPH) and CO2 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  20. Photosynthesis Requires light for Light Reactions Water for electron and proton source Proper temperature for efficiency BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  21. HW#3 Assignment: Due 1/26/11 Explain the parts of an animal cell and the differences between plant and animal cells Include graphic(s) of animal cells Include functions of the cell parts Put your answer in the form of a Power Point Email it to jcarol@okstate.edu by midnight on 1/26. BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

  22. Resources http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/ http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/botany/physiology.html#transpiration http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~wfgale/usda_course/section0_2_page_3.htm BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials

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