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Exploring Simple Harmonic Motion Properties of Waves

This laboratory report delves into analyzing wave interference, sound wave properties, and wave transmission clarity using different mediums like strings and wires for studying pendulum and spring motions. It covers concepts of simple harmonic motion, wave behavior, and wave interference.

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Exploring Simple Harmonic Motion Properties of Waves

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  1. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION PROPERTIES OF WAVES WAVE INTERFERENCE SOUND WAVES WAVES

  2. Telephone TEST - 50 points Write your set of 5 words for transmission . Write words you heard in 1 minute . Take turns . Repeat for a different phone . Describe the clarity of transmission of data Using : • String Phone • Shorter String Phone • Fishing line Phone • Shorter Fishing line Phone • Wire Phone • Shorter Wire Phone LABORATORY REPORT – 50 POINTS Purpose : Determine the best medium( string. Fishing line, wire) to transmit sound waves .Why ? What is the effect of the length of the medium to sound wave transmission . Materials : Data Table Conclusion :

  3. Pendulum Motion Packet Groups of 4 • Force Analysis Of Pendulum • Sinusoidal Nature of a Pendulum • Energy analysis • Period of A Pendulum Read your topic – 20 minutes Take Notes Share your information – 5minutes /each person . Write and number all the information about pendulum regarding all subtopic on paper . Score it.

  4. Pendulum Experiment

  5. Spring Motion Packet Groups of 5 a. Hooke’s Law • Force Analysis Of Spring • Sinusoidal Nature of a Spring • Energy analysis • Period of A Spring Read your topic – 15 minutes Take Notes Share your information – 5minutes /each person . Write and number all the information about pendulum regarding all subtopic on paper . Score it.

  6. Spring Experiment • Purpose : To determine the relation of the Force (Fs) on the stretch length (x) of the spring. To calculate the Spring constant . To calculate the period and frequency of the spring using T = 2Π m/k • Materials : Springs , 10 g , 2- 20g, 50g • Background Information and Physics Concepts 2 paragraphs about Springs IV. Diagram Set Up – Draw and label the experiment set up

  7. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION • Motion that is repeating or periodic. • Two types • Spring • Hooke’s Law states that the restoring force is proportional to the displacement • F = -kx • Units: Newtons • Negative: direction of the Force is opposite the displacement.

  8. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

  9. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

  10. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION • Stretch or compression provides three types of energy. • Max displacement • EPE = ½ k x 2 • V = 0 • A increase to max • Equilibrium position • Min x • Max KE • Max velocity • a = 0

  11. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION • Horizontal springs: • EPE elastic • KE • Vertical springs: • PE gravitational • EPE elastic • KE • Conservation of energy applies • Friction or damping force

  12. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION • Period of a spring • T = 2 √ m/k • Units: sec/cycle or sec/revolution or sec • f = 1 / T • Units: cycle/sec or revolution/sec or Hertz or s-1

  13. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION • Simple pendulum • For small angles • Restoring force is proportional to x. • Work done is ZERO • Max PE at the highest point • Max KE at the lowest point • Period of a pendulum • T = 2 √ l/g • Units: sec/cycle or sec/revolution or sec

  14. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

  15. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

  16. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

  17. CW: Problems • P 471 -476 • 2,3,4,10,11,12,13,14,16a-b,20,21,32,33,34,35,,38,39,44,47,49

  18. PROPERTIES OF WAVES • Follows a simple harmonic motion • Needs a source • Medium = matter • Matter does NOT travel only energy • Mechanical waves need a medium to travel • EM does not need a medium to travel • Pulse: single wave

  19. CW : Two Types of Waves Venn Diagram P 459 – 460

  20. PROPERTIES OF WAVES • Two types of waves • Transverse waves • Disturbance is perpendicular to the propagation • EM

  21. PROPERTIES OF WAVES • Longitudinal or compressional waves • Disturbance is parallel to the propagation • Sound waves

  22. PROPERTIES OF WAVES • Parts of the wave • Wavelength (): length of a wave measured between two consecutive identical points • Frequency (f) • Period (T) • Amplitude (A): max height of the wave

  23. PROPERTIES OF WAVES • Crest: highest point of transverse wave • Trough: lowest point of transverse wave

  24. PROPERTIES OF WAVES

  25. PROPERTIES OF WAVES • Compression: high density portion of compressional wave • Rarefaction: low density portion of compressional wave

  26. PROPERTIES OF WAVES

  27. Wave Equation • Speed = frequency x wavelength c = f  v = f  • c = speed of light = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s

  28. CW:Problems 63-70 p 474-475

  29. Reading CW Properties of the Wave Wave Characteristics

  30. WAVE INTERFERENCE • Energy travels…NOT matter • Superposition Principle: two or more waves will combine algebraically • Waves pass through without altering their shapes and size.

  31. WAVE INTERFERENCE • Constructive: resulting wave is larger in amplitude • In phase

  32. WAVE INTERFERENCE • Destructive: resulting wave is smaller in amplitude • Out of phase

  33. WAVE INTERFERENCE

  34. WAVE INTERFERENCE

  35. WAVE INTERFERENCE

  36. WAVE BEHAVIOR • Determining behavior when wave reaches a boundary (interface between two medium) • Incident pulse: incoming wave • Reflected pulse: a wave bouncing off a boundary • Transmitted pulse: wave continuing through to next medium • Upright • Inverted

  37. WAVE BEHAVIOR • Reflection: wave hits a boundary and returns • Newton’s third law • Speed and wavelength are the same • Amplitude is smaller

  38. WAVE BEHAVIOR

  39. WAVE BEHAVIOR • Transmitted: slower than reflected and smaller wavelength • Reflected: speed and wavelength are same as incident

  40. WAVE BEHAVIOR • Transmitted: faster and larger wavelength • Reflected: same speed and wavelength as incident

  41. WAVE BEHAVIOR • Refraction: change in direction of waves traveling from one medium to another • Speed and wavelength changes

  42. WAVE BEHAVIOR Diffraction: change in direction of waves as the wave passes through opening or around a barrier.

  43. SOUND WAVES • Compressional or longitudinal wave • High pressure and low pressure region • Speed depends on medium vsolid > vliquid> vgas • Speed depends on temperature Direct relationship 343 m/s at room temperature

  44. SOUND WAVES

  45. SOUND WAVES

  46. SOUND WAVES • Range of sound 20 to 20000 Hz • Infrasonic, audible, ultrasonic • Measured in decibels • Loudness is not intensity but related to amplitude of the wave • Energy of the wave is proportional to A2 • Intensity is power / area

  47. STANDING WAVES • Standing waves: reflected and incident wave interact to appear to be standing • Antinodes: largest amplitude • Nodes: zero amplitude

  48. STANDING WAVES

  49. STANDING WAVES • L = /2 • L = 2 / 2 =  • L = 3 / 2 • L = 4 / 2 = 2

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