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Cell Growth & Division: Size of Plant and Animal Cells

Explore the average size of animal and plant cells, the process of cell growth, the relationship between surface area and volume, cell division in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, chromosome structure, the cell cycle, mitosis, and the regulation of cell division. Learn about cancer cells and stem cells.

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Cell Growth & Division: Size of Plant and Animal Cells

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  1. Chapter 10 Cell Growth & Division

  2. What is the size of one individual cell - Plant & Animal? On average an animal cell is 10 m and a plant cell is 100m. 1 m = 1x10^-6m Question of the Day

  3. How does a cell grow? Through mass & organelle production Problems with unlimited growth How big can a cell get before it gets bad? Materials are harder to exchange thru membranes if bigger Waste Products Oxygen Water 10-1 Cell Growth

  4. What are Surface Area (SA) & Volume (Vol)? Surface Area = L x W x 6 sides Volume = L x W x H High SA to Vol makes it easier to exchange things As the cell grows, SA and Vol get bigger Bigger cells, Ratio of SA to Vol gets smaller Ratio of Surface Area to Volume

  5. Before cell gets too big it divides Forms 2 daughter cells Two cells are identical copies Complete with DNA, organelle, cytoplasm & equal size Cell Division

  6. In Prokaryotes - Simple, 1 step division In Eukaryotes - Complex, 2 stages: Mitosis (nucleus divided) Cytokinesis (cytoplasm ÷) Types of Cell Division

  7. What is a chromosome? What carries genetic information How many does a human have? 46 What forms when chromosome ÷ sister chromatids (identical) How are chromatids attached? Centromere Chromosomes

  8. There are 4 phases to cell cycle 1st 3 are growing and duplicating & 4th is division 1st is G1 - (Growth) of Cell 2nd is S - (Synthesis) DNA duplication 3rd is G2 - (Growth) & Mitosis Prep 4th is M - (Mitosis) Cell Division The Cell Cycle

  9. Also called Interphase G1 - initial phase cell almost doubles in size S - 1/2 way thru chromosomes replicate G2 - prep for mitosis finishes growth, ready for mitosis Takes about 95% of the time for division Cell Growth Phases

  10. 4 Phases of Mitosis Prophase Longest phase centrioles, spindle appear, nucleus dissolves Metaphase Chromosomes lineup, spindles attach to centromere Anaphase Spindles pull chromatids apart Telophase 2 Nuclei reform around chromatids, spindles break Cytokinesis Organelles & cytoplasm split & cell membrane divides Mitosis (Cell Division)

  11. What controls cell division? Cyclins What are they? Protein that helps spindle form Regulates timing of cell cycle In 2 ways: Internally - proteins affect mitosis inside cell Need all chromosomes to be doubled & attached to spindle Externally - proteins that speed up, slow down mitosis outside Stimulate cell growth (cytoplasm, cell membrane, organelles) 10-3 Regulating Cell Cycle

  12. What is it called? Cancer Cells that don’t respond to growth stop signs What do groups of cancer cells form? Masses or Tumors What kind of cancers are there? Uncontrolled Cell Growth

  13. What are they? Unspecialized cells that can be changed into any cell. Why is it so controversial? Deals with embryonic cells usually. Stem Cells

  14. What are the essential questions? What is surface area to volume ratio? What is cell division/ cycle/mitosis? What are cell cycle regulators? What are cancer and stem cells? Ch. 10 Review

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