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Skeletal system

Skeletal system. Unit A-102- What is the process of bone formation? What are the structures of the long bones? What are the structures of the skeletal system?. The skeletal system. Compromises the bony framework of the body. Contains 206 individual bones (in an adult body)

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Skeletal system

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  1. Skeletal system Unit A-102- What is the process of bone formation? What are the structures of the long bones? What are the structures of the skeletal system?

  2. The skeletal system Compromises the bony framework of the body. Contains 206 individual bones (in an adult body) Functions of the Skeletal System: Support Protect Allows for movement and Anchorage Provides mineral Storage Site for Hemopoiesis

  3. Osteocytes- Microscopic mature bone cells • Osteoblasts- Bone cells that deposit the new bone. • Osteoclasts- immense bone cells that secrete enzymes. • These enzymes digest the bony material, splitting the bone minerals, calcium, and phosphorus, and enabling them to be absorbed by the surrounding fluid.

  4. ossification • Mineral matter starts to replace previously formed cartilage, creating bone. • Fontanel- spot on infants head that is not fused/hardened when born.

  5. Types of bones

  6. Long Bones • Diaphysis- typical long bones contains this “shaft” . • Epiphysis- the end of the epiphysis • Medullary Canal- located at the center of the shaft • Endosteum- lining of the marrow canal that keeps the cavity intact • Periosteum- the covering of the outside of the bone • Articular Cartilage- thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis

  7. Structures of the skeletal system- Axial Skeleton • Skull • Spinal Column • Ribs and Sternum • The axial skeleton is labeled in blue

  8. Skull • Partial Bone • Frontal Bone • Occipital Bone • Temporal Bone • Nasal Bone • Vomer • Zygomatic Arch • Mandible • Maxilla • Hyoid Bone

  9. Spinal column • Vertebral Structure • Cervical Vertebrae • Thoracic Vertebrae • Lumber Vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx

  10. Lumbar vertebraeLocated at the waist area

  11. Ribs and Sternum • Sternum- breastbone • Divided into 3 parts • 1- upper region- manubrium • The body • Lower cartilaginous part- xiphoid process

  12. Ribs and sternum • Ribs- • Human body contains 12 pairs of ribs • First 7 are true ribs • Next 3 are false ribs • Last 2 pair are floating ribs

  13. Structure of the skeletal systemAppendicular skeleton

  14. Shoulder girdle • Also called the pectoral girdle • Consists of 4 bones • 2 Clavicles- collar bones • 2 Scapulae – Shoulder bones

  15. ArmHumerus, Radius, and ulna • Humerus- the only bone in the upper arm. • Radius- Bone in the forearm- run the thumb side of the forearm • Ulna- limited movement

  16. Handcarpels, metacarpals, and Phalanges • Carpels- consists of 8 small bones arranged into two rows. They are held together by ligaments which permit sufficient movement to allow the wrist a great deal of mobility and flexion. • Metacarpals- Palmer surface with 5 bones • Phalanges-

  17. Pelvic girdleIlium, ischium, and pubis

  18. Pelvic Girdle • Ilium • Ischium • Pubis

  19. Leg • Femur- upper leg, longest and strongest bone in the body • Patella- kneecap • Tibia- largest of the 2 lower leg bones • Fibula- smallest of the 2 lower leg bones

  20. foot • Tarsals • Metatarsals • Phalanges • Calcaneus

  21. joints • Diarthrosis • Ball-and-socket joints • Hinge Joints • Pivot Joints • Gliding Joints • Amphiarthroses- partially moveable joints with cartilage between their articular surfaces • Synarthroses- immovable joints connected by tough, fibrous connective tissue

  22. What doesn’t belong?? 1-Tibia- Ulna- Fibula- Femur 2-Skull- Rib Cage- Pelvis- Vertebral Column 3- Mandible- Frontal Bone- Temporal Bone- Occipital Bone 4- Ischium- Scapula- Ilium- Pubis 5- Humerus- Ulna- Radius- Phalanges 6- Suture- Red Marrow-Spongy Bone- Yellow Marrow 7-Cervical- Lumbar- Thoracic- Sternum 8-Maxilla- Zygomatci- Mandible- Occipital 9- Patella- Tibia- Radius- Humerus 10- Phalanges- Ribs- Xiphoid process- vertebrae 11- Coccyx- Xiphoid Process – Ischium- Vomer 12- Scapula- Calcaneus – Sternum- Ilium

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